第11章 虚拟语气
句型147：与现在事实相反的虚拟语气
例句：If I had enough money, I should live in Biarritz.
【★】：我如果有足够的钱，就会住在比阿里茨。
【句型点拨】：假设的条件与现在的事实相反，从句谓语动词使用过去时（谓语动词如果是be，则一切人称均用were），主句谓语为should/would/could/might＋原形动词。如果省去条件状语从句中的连词if，则将were放到主语之前。
If Mr Green drove faster, he would get home earlier.
★格林先生要是车开快点，就会早一点到家的。
If Tom worked more carefully, he would make fewer mistakes.
★如果汤姆再仔细一些，错误就会少一些。
If the gardener left the plants in the sun, they would soon die.
★要是园丁把那些花草放在阳光下，它们一会儿就晒死了。
If there were no air, there would be no life on the earth.
★如果没有空气，地球上就不会有生命。
If it weren't for your help, we would be very difficult.
★要不是有你帮忙，我们会遇到大麻烦。
If the sun did not give off heat, the temperature of the earth would fall almost to absolute zero.
★假如太阳不放射热量，地球的温度几乎就会下降到绝对零度。
If transparent bodies did not reflect a certain amount of light, they would be invisible.
★假如透明体不反射一定量的光，那么就看不见透明体了。
If I were you, I should read the instruction carefully first.
★假如我是你，那我就先仔细看说明书。
If Douglas was here, we could play a game of cards.
★要是道格拉斯在这儿的话，我们就可以打一会儿牌了。
If railroad tracks and highways offered no friction to moving wheels, they could handle no traffic.
★要是铁轨和公路与转动的车轮之间没有摩擦，它们就不能用于运输了。
If we had the manpower, we could open up even more land.
★如果有人力，我们还能开垦更多的荒地。
If Tom played a little better, he might win the match.
★如果汤姆打得再好一点，也许会获胜。
If we waited there for ten minutes, the rain might stop.
★如果我们在这等10分钟，雨可能会停。
If you bought a lottery ticket, you might win a prize.
★你如果买彩票的话，可能会中奖。
If you lent that man your umbrella, you might never see it again.
★如果你把雨伞借给那个人，恐怕再也要不回来了。
If we climbed up that tree, we might be able to see the procession.
★我们如果爬到那棵树上去，也许会看见游行队伍。
If Mr and Mrs Brown thought it would be nice weather tomorrow, they might decide to go to the sea.
★如果布朗夫妇认为明天天气好的话，他们可能会决定到海边去。
If Stephen missed the train, he mightn't get there tonight.
★斯蒂芬如果没有赶上火车，他今晚就可能赶不到了。
It might be a good idea to ask a policeman if we could only find a policeman to ask.
★要是我们能找到个警察的话，去问警察倒是个好主意。
We might never get home tonight if we lost our way in this wood.
★我们如果在这片森林迷路了，今晚就根本到不了家。
Were there any inhabitants on the moon, they would see our earth reflecting the light of the sun, like a huge mirror hung in the sky.
★假如月球上有居民的话，他们就会看到地球像悬挂在天空中的一面巨大镜子一样，反射着太阳光。
句型148：与过去事实相反的虚拟语气
例句：If Tom had played better, he would have won the match.
【★】：汤姆要是打得好一点，就打赢了那场比赛了。
【句型点拨】：假设的条件与过去事实相反，从句谓语为had＋过去分词，主句谓语为should/would/could/might＋have＋动词过去分词。如果省去条件状语从句中的连词if，则将had放到主语之前。
If you had dropped that cup, you would have broken it.
★你要是把那只茶杯掉在地上，早就把它摔碎了。
If we hadn't had a breakdown, we should have arrived before.
★要不是汽车发生故障，我们早就该到了。
If the pears had been ripe, I should have picked some.
★要是梨已经熟了，我早就摘了一些。
If the driver hadn't stopped, he would have been killed.
★要不是司机停车，他早就给撞死了。
If the dog had eaten the meat, he would have been poisoned.
★狗要是吃了那块肉，早就给毒死了。
If Eric had been at home, he would have opened the door.
★要是埃里克在家的话，他早就把门打开了。
If Mr North had run a bit faster, he could have caught the bus.
★诺斯先生要是跑得稍微快一点，就可以赶上公共汽车了。
If we had come to the beach a little sooner, we could have been swimming already.
★我们要是早一点到海边，就在游泳了。
Alan might have passed the examination if he'd worked just a little harder.
★阿伦要是稍微再用功一点的话，可能就通过考试了。
Mary might have been playing Chopin by now if she had practiced an hour or more every day.
★玛丽要是每天都练一个小时琴的话，现在可能会弹肖邦的作品了。
If Janet had taken a taxi last night, she needn't have got wet.
★珍妮特昨晚要是坐出租车的话，就不至于被淋湿了。
If Henry Ford had been a stick-in-the-mud, he could never have made a fortune.
★要是亨利·福特墨守成规的话，就不可能发财了。
If you had known the fundamental laws, you would have come to the correct conclusion.
★如果你了解了基本定律，你本来能得出正确结论的。
If natural resources had been fully utilized, industry could have developed more rapidly.
★如果充分利用了自然资源，工业会发展得更快的。
If you had added less acid, reaction might not have been so violent.
★如果你少加一点酸，反应可能不那么剧烈了。
If early man had understood these reasons, they would not have invented myths to explain such phenomena.
★要是古人懂得这些道理，他们就不会想出一些神话来解释这样的现象了。
Had the final speed of the rocket been decreased, the shape and size of its orbit would have changed.
★如果曾经把火箭的末速度降低的话，其轨道的形状和大小就会改变。
People might have avoided many accidents if ultrasonic methods had been known before.
★假如人们以前就知道超声波方法的话，许多事故或许就不会发生了。
If you had taken their advice, this wouldn't have happened.
★你要是听了我的劝告，这事就不会发生了。
If I had been more careful, I could have done better.
★我要是细心一点，可以做得更好。
You would have failed in that exam if you hadn't worked hard enough.
★如果你不努力工作，你考试就通不过。
If the flower had been planted earlier, they would have been in bloom for the garden party last week.
★如果花草早栽一点，这些花就会在上个星期的聚会上开放的。
Had such a disaster occurred, the damage would have been incalculable.
★如果发生了这样的灾难，损失将是无法估量的。
Had he not been promoted, he would never have remained in the company.
★如果他没有被提升，他就绝不会留在公司了。
If he had told you that last night, John would have been lying.
★倘若约翰昨晚跟你那样说了，那他就撒谎了。
If it hadn't been for your timely help, we would have got into serious trouble.
★要不是你及时帮助，我们会陷入严重的困境。
句型149：与将来的情况可能相反的虚拟语气
例句：He might succeed if he were to try once more.
【★】：假如他再试一次，有可能会成功。
【句型点拨】：假设的条件将来不能或多半不能实现时，从句谓语为should（或could，were to）＋动词原形，主句谓语为should/would/could/might＋动词原形。如果省去条件状语从句中的连词if，则将should/could或were放到主语之前。
If we could use the sun's energy on a large scale, we should have no need for coal or oil or even atomic energy.
★如果我们将来能大规模利用太阳能，就不需要煤、油，甚至原子能了。
If friction should vanish entirely, walking would be impossible.
★如果摩擦完全消失的话，人们就不能行走了。
If green plants should disappear some day, there would hardly be any life on the earth.
★假如有一天绿色植物消失了，地球上就几乎不会有什么生命了。
Should he do this test he could get better results.
★假如他做这个实验，可以取得更好的结果。
There'd be trouble if Mr Morgan were to find out.
★摩根先生要是发现了，就会有麻烦了。
If Michael were to lose this job, his father would be angry.
★迈克尔失去工作，他父亲会生气的。
If I were to do it, I would do it in a different way.
★要是我做这件事，会用另一种方法的。
If you should come tomorrow, I might have time to see you.
★你明天如果来，我或许有时间见你。
If you were to speak to him, it would carry more weight.
★如果你和他谈话，可能会大有作用的。
If he were to come here, how would you tell him about this ?
★如果他来这里，你怎样告诉他这事情呢？
Should you change your mind, no one would blame you.
★如果你改变主意，没有人会责备你的。
Were he to tell us everything, we could try to solve the problem.
★如果他把什么都告诉我们，我们就可以试图解决这个问题了。
Were he to leave today, he would get there by Monday.
★如果他今天出发，就可以在星期一到。
句型150：宾语从句中的虚拟语气
例句：We demand that the company make every effort to obtain the order.
【★】：我们要求公司尽一切努力取得订货。
【句型点拨】：表示“命令”、“计划”、“要求”、“建议”、“推测”、“决定”等意义的动词所带的宾语从句中，不管that分句中的主语的人称、数和主句是一般现在时还是一般过去时，从句谓语动词一律使用should＋动词原形，should可以省略。
He suggested that the method (should) be popularized at once.
★他建议立即推广这一方法。
They demanded that the test (should) be carried out in the field.
★他们要求在现场做实验。
He insisted that the contract (should) be read aloud.
★他坚持当众朗读这个合同。
They proposed that the trip be postponed.
★他们建议推迟旅行。
They recommended that a special board (should) be set up.
★他们建议组建一个特别委员会。
He commanded that all civilians be evacuated immediately.
★他命令所有的平民，一律立即撤离。
We desire that the tour leader inform us immediately of any change in plans.
★如果计划有变动，希望导游立即通知我们。
Our teacher recommends that we be as attentive as possible when we visit the museum.
★老师要我们参观博物馆时尽可能聚精会神。
The judge ordered that the prisoner should be remanded.
★法官命令被告还押。
句型151：wish后宾语从句中虚拟语气
例句：The play was very dull, and most of the people wished they needn't have stayed till the end.
【★】：演出很枯燥，大多数观众都希望早点走。
【句型点拨】：动面wish后面的宾语从句有3种不同的时态。如果指与现在事实相反的主观愿望，从句谓语使用一般过去时；如果指与过去事实相反的主观愿望，从句谓语使用过去完成时；如果指将来情况，从句谓语使用would/might＋动词原形。该句型的例句表示与过去相反的愿望，所以从句谓语使用过去完成时。
It was a wonderful experience. I wish you could have been there.
★那次经历太有意思了。你当时在该有多好。
Many adults wish that they had worked harder at school.
★许多成年人都想他们过去上学时多用功一些就好了。
He didn't go to the party, but he does wish he had been there.
★他没有去参加聚会，但他的确希望他去了那里。
Unhappy people sometimes wish that they had never been born.
★不幸的人有时想他们根本没有出生就好了。
Mr Smith didn't know whether to sign the contract or not, and now he wishes he hadn't.
★史密斯先生当时不知道是否该在合同上签字，现在他想那时不签就好了。
Jack wishes that he had studied chemistry, as he thinks it offers better prospects than banking.
★杰克现在想他要是学化学就好了，因为他认为化学比金融更有前途。
He always wishes that he had had some schooling so that he can make things clearer to us.
★他常想要是他过去上过学就好了，这样可以把问题给我们讲得更清楚些。
I wish I knew more about the subject.
★我要是多知道一些这个问题的信息就好了。
He wished Ruth was there to share in the joy.
★他当时希望露丝在那里分享他的欢乐。
I wish you would stop ask silly questions.
★我希望你别再问愚蠢问题了。
句型152：would rather等后的宾语从句中的虚拟语气
例句：I would rather you went home now.
【★】：我宁愿你现在就回家。
【句型点拨】：would rather，would(just)as soon，would sooner等后面的宾语从句中，常用一般过去时表示现在或将来的情况；用过去完成时表示过去的情况。通常情况下，该句型的宾语从句没有引导词that。
Do you want me to help you? Or would you rather I didn't ?
★你要我帮忙吗？还是宁肯不要我帮忙？
Tom would like to play centre forward, but the trainer would rather he played outside right.
★汤姆想踢中锋，但是教练员觉得他还是踢右边锋好。
The manager told me he would rather I said nothing to the others about his leaving the firm.
★经理告诉我，他认为我最好别告诉别人他离开商行了。
I'd rather you didn't take those important documents with you.
★我希望你身上不要带那些重要文件。
I'd sooner she left the heavy end of the work to someone else.
★我宁愿她把重活留给别人。
I'd as soon you didn't speak rudely to her.
★我希望你没有对她说那些粗鲁的话。
Would you rather I did it ?
★你愿意我做这件事吗？
I would much rather it was forgotten.
★但愿人们忘掉此事。
I would rather you stayed at home now.
★我希望你现在留在家里。
I would sooner you had gone there.
★我真希望你已去了那儿。
句型153：“It is intended that”类主语从句中的虚拟语气
例句：It was intended that we should meet in Paris, but it wasn't actually arranged that we should do so.
【★】：我们打算在巴黎见面，但并未作出实际安排。
【句型点拨】：表示“命令”、“计划”、“要求”、“建议”、“推测”、“决定”等主观意向的动词，用于It is＋动词过去分词＋that分句中，不管that分句中的主语的人称、数和句子是一般现在时，还是一般过去时，从句谓语动词一律使用should＋动词原形，should可以省略。
It was proposed that the matter be discussed at the next meeting.
★有人建议下一次会议上讨论这个问题。
It is requested that all members be present at the meeting.
★要求所有的人都到会。
It is desired that we (should) complete our test in time.
★要求我们按时完成实验。
It is desired that this rule should be brought to the attention of the staff.
★希望这条规则引起全体职员的注意。
It was suggested that we should act at once.
★有人建议我们立即行动。
句型154：“It is＋adj＋that”类主语从句中的虚拟语气
例句：It isn't advisable that the police should be informed.
【★】：通知警察这个做法并不可取。
【句型点拨】：某些形容词用于It is＋adj＋that从句时，从句中谓语动词使用虚拟语气形式。
It is essential that we should be ready when Mr Morgan calls.
★摩根先生来访时我们一定得做准备。
It is imperative that the letter be dispatched at once.
★信件应该立即发走。
It is necessary that we (should) take all these factors into consideration.
★我们必须考虑所有这些因素。
It is very important that theory should be closely combined with practice.
★理论密切联系实际是非常重要的。
It is appropriate that tax should be abolished.
★取消这种税是十分恰当的。
It is essential that we be prepared for the worst.
★我们做最坏的准备是必要的。
It is necessary that he should be sent there at once.
★必须马上派他去那儿。
It is vital that we be prepared for twists and turns.
★我们要准备好经受挫折的考验，这是极其重要的。
It is essential that the application forms be sent back before the deadline.
★申请表务必在截止日期前送回。
It is necessary that he return the dictionary immediately.
★他必须立即还那本词典。
It is natural that I should dwell upon his success rather than upon his failure.
★我宁愿强调他成功的地方，而不愿突出他失败之处，这是自然的。
It is imperative that we should practise criticism and self-criticism.
★应当进行批评和自我批评。
It is necessary that every member inform himself of these rules.
★每一个会员必须熟记这些规则。
句型155：表语从句中的虚拟语气
例句：Our demand is that you (should) finish the work as quickly as possible.
【★】：我们要求你们尽快完成这一工作。
【句型点拨】：表示“命令”、“计划”、“要求”、“建议”、“推测”、“决定”的名词，如advice，command，demand，decision，instruction，motion，proposal，request，requirement，recommendation，suggestion，stipulation，insistence等，如果它们在句中作主语，表语是一个句子，该表语从句的谓语动词使用should＋动词原形，其中，should可以省略。
His suggestion is that the meeting should be adjourned without day.
★他建议无限期地休会。
My order is that nobody get here later than 8:00 tomorrow.
★我下令无论任何人明天上午8点以前都必须到达这里。
The chairman's proposal is that the task be finished by the end of this week.
★主席的建议是这项任务应在本周内完成。
One of the basic requirements for a candidate is that he or she should have a college education.
★考生的基本条件之一是他要具有大学文化程度。
My demand is that you should get it ready before five.
★我要你在五点钟之前准备好。
My idea is that we should challenge them to a friendly competition.
★我的意见是向他们挑战，来一场友谊赛。
My plan is that we should go sightseeing round Hong Kong next month.
★我的计划是下个月我们到香港游览。
Our only request is that this should be settled as soon as possible.
★我们唯一的请求是尽快解决这个问题。
Their requirement is that every member attend at least one meeting per year.
★他们的要求是每个会员每年至少参加一次会议。如果句子主语是一个从句，该从句的谓语动词表示“建议”、“计划”、“请求”、“命令”，表语从句中的谓语照样使用虚拟语气。例如：
All I request of you is that you should be punctual.
★我只要求你准时。
What I advise is that he should keep regular hours.
★我的忠告是他的生活应该有规律。
句型156：同位语从句中的虚拟语气
例句：They made the request that the problem (should) be discussed at the meeting.
【★】：他要求在会上讨论这个问题。
【句型点拨】：表示“命令”、“计划”、“要求”、“建议”、“推测”、“决定”的名词，如advice，command，demand，decision，instruction，motion，proposal，request，requirement，recommendation，suggestion，stipulation，insistence等，如果它们之后紧跟同位语从句，从句中的谓语动词使用should＋动词原形，其中，should可以省略。
Most often this advice includes suggestions that we should eat right, exercise, take vitamins and get a pet.
★这些建议经常包括如下内容：吃好、运动好，摄入维他命，养养宠物。
He gave orders that the man should be released.
★他下令释放这个人。
There has been a proposal that he should be dismissed.
★有人建议解雇他。
It is my proposal that he be sent abroad to study further.
★送他到国外进修是我的建议。
It is his decision that every candidate present should make a short speech.
★每个候选人都应该做一个简短发言是他决定的。
What do you think of his proposal that we should put on a play at the English evening ?
★他建议我们在英语晚会上演个剧，你觉得怎样？
I second Mary's motion that we should set up a special board to examine the problem.
★玛丽提议成立一个特别委员会研究这个问题，我附议。
There was a suggestion that Brown should be dropped from the team.
★有一项建议是布朗应该离队。
He made the suggestion that they carry on their conversation in Japanese.
★他建议他们用日语交流。
There have been demands that the prime minister should resign.
★有人要求首相辞职。
They expressed the wish that they be given more free time.
★他们希望给他们更多的空闲时间。
The resolution that women be allowed to join the society was carried.
★允许妇女加入该协会的决议通过了。
句型157：it's time后定语从句中的虚拟语气
例句：It's time that you knew how to spell "hypothesis".
【★】：你现在该知道怎么拼写“hypothesis”这个词了。
【句型点拨】：该句型表示现在或将来的情况，意为“该是……的时候了”。time前可以有high或about等词表示强调。
It's surely time Charles stopped making such silly remarks.
★查尔斯真该别说这种傻话了。
It's high time you decided whether you would rather we came with you or not.
★现在你该决定要不要跟我们一块走了。
Mr Parker's car is always breaking down. It's time he bought a new one.
★帕克先生的车老出毛病，他该买一辆新车了。
It is time the children were in bed, isn't it ?
★该是孩子们上床睡觉的时候了，对吗？
It is high time you made up your mind.
★现在的确是你做决定的时间了。
It is high time you got a job.
★现在的确是你找工作的时候了。
It's time they were taught a lesson.
★现在到了该给他们教训的时候了。
It's time that something was done about the traffic problem downtown.
★该是采取一些措施解决市区交通问题的时候了。
It is high time that we took it into consideration.
★我们该考虑此事了。
Don't dawdle away your youth any more. It is time you thought about your future.
★别再浪费你的青春，该考虑一下你的将来了。
It is high time that we should put an end to that sort of thing.
★是该制止那种事的时候了。
句型158：lest等引出的目的状语从句中的虚拟语气
例句：They told him not to enter the forest lest he meet some wild beast.
【★】：他们告诉他别进入森林，以免碰上野兽。
【句型点拨】：由lest，in order that，for fear that，so that等引导的目的状语从句中，从句谓语动词使用should/could＋动词原形，有时可以省去should和could。
He clasped the vase tightly for fear that it fall and break.
★他把花瓶握得很紧，唯恐掉在地上摔碎了。
Batteries are kept in dry places lest electricity should leak away.
★把电池放置在干燥处，以免漏电。
All the results of the observation have been checked time and again lest there should be any mistakes.
★已反复核对了全部观察结果，以防有任何错误。
An atomic reactor must be surrounded by thick walls so that the rays could not get out.
★原子反应堆必须围以厚壁，以防射线透出。
The solution is heated in order that the chemical reaction might take place more quickly.
★将溶液加温，以使化学反应发生得更快。
We lay awake at night worrying, lest the ewes should lie on their lambs.
★晚上我们彻夜难眠，唯恐母羊压在了小羊的身上。
We constantly worried lest a wolf kill one of our fowls or calves, or thieves drive off the horses.
★我们经常担心狼吃掉鸡鸭或小羊，或者担心贼偷走马。
He offered to write it out for her lest she should forget it.
★他要求为她写下来，以免她忘记。
He looked over the engine carefully lest it go wrong on the way.
★他仔细检查了发动机，以免它在途中出故障。
I took my raincoat with me lest it should rain.
★我随身带了雨衣，以免下雨。
The children kept quiet lest they should wake up their mother.
★孩子们不敢说话，生怕吵醒他们的母亲。
He always does whatever she tells him to do lest she should be angry.
★她让他做什么，他就做什么，以免她生气。
He hid behind a tree for fear that passers-by should see him.
★他躲在一颗树下，唯恐过路人看见他。
I daren't tell you what he did, for fear that he should be angry with me.
★我不能将他所做的事情告诉你，因为怕他对我生气。
He locked up the documents lest they should be lost.
★他把文件锁起来，以免遗失。
He came in quietly in order that he shouldn't wake his wife.
★他轻轻进来，以免惊醒他妻子。
句型159：as though/as if引出的比较状语从句中的虚拟语气
例句：George likes to talk as though he were a man of the world.
【★】：乔治喜欢讲起话来像个老于世故的人一样。
【句型点拨】：该句型表示非真实的情况。从句的谓语如果与主句的谓语是同一时刻发生，从句使用一般过去时；从句的谓语若发生在主句谓语前，从句使用过去完成时。
It got very dark and looked as if it were going to rain.
★天变得很黑，看起来像要下雨了。
The boy treated the old man as though he was his own father.
★这个男孩对待那个老人就像对待自己的父亲一样。
He acted as though he were an expert.
★他那举止就好像他是专家似的。
You look as if you didn't care.
★你看起来好像满不在乎。
The earth behaves as though it were an immense magnet.
★地球好像是一个巨大的磁铁。
The rock sparkles under the sun with a bright light as if it contained gold.
★岩石在阳光下闪闪发光，就好像里面含有金子似的。
They talked as if they had been friends for years.
★他们谈起来好像是多年的老朋友似的。
We felt as though we had witnessed the whole thing.
★我们觉得仿佛目睹了整个事件似的。
Her eyes were still red as if she had cried a moment before.
★她的眼睛还是红的，好像刚才哭过似的。
That tree looked as if it hadn't been watered for a long time.
★那棵树看上去好像很久没有人给它浇水了。
I remember the story as if I had just read it.
★我还记得这个故事，就像刚把它读完一样。
句型160：if only引出的虚拟语气
例句：I wish I hadn't written that rude letter to Mrs Riley! If only I had forgotten to post it.
【★】：我多么希望我没有给赖利夫人写那封粗鲁的信啊！要是我忘记寄信就好了！
【句型点拨】：if only的用法与wish相同，表示与现在或过去相反的强烈愿望和遗憾，意为“要是……就好了”。与过去事实相反时，使用过去完成时；与现在事实相反时，使用一般过去时；如果希望某事立即发生，使用would＋动词原形。
If only I had known.
★要是我当时知道就好了。
What a pity that we have to grow old! If only we could stay young for ever.
★真可惜，我们都得变老！我们永远年轻该有多好啊！
I can't read this small print. If only I knew where I had put my glasses.
★我看不清这样小的字。要是我知道眼镜放在哪里该有多好！
If only he didn't drive so fast.
★要是他不开那么快就好了。
If only that photograph weren't missing.
★要是那张像片不丢失就好了。
If only it would stop raining.
★雨要是停了就好了。
If only next week would come.
★只要一到下星期就好了。
It's terribly cold waiting here. If only the bus would come.
★在这里等着太冷了。但愿公共汽车会来。
If only I could smash the ground with my fist and make the oil flow!
★我真想用我的拳头从地里打出油来。
If only she had had more courage.
★要是她那时有更多的勇气就好了。
If only he had followed your advice!
★他要是听你的建议就好了。
句型161：含蓄条件句中的虚拟语气
例句：They could have done better under more favorable conditions.
【★】：假如在比较有利的条件下，他们或许还可以干得更好一些。
【句型点拨】：与事实相反的假设，除了用条件从句外，还可以使用副词、介词词组、不定式来代替从句，但主句仍须保持虚拟语气的相应形式。例句中使用介词词组表示条件。
Anybody in her position would have done the same.
★任何人处在她的位置都会这样。
Bridges must have expansion joints, otherwise they would buckle at high temperatures.
★桥梁必须有伸缩性，否则在高温下就会翘曲。
But for friction, people could neither walk, nor even stand up.
★要不是摩擦，人们就不能走路，甚至连站也站不起来。
But for sunlight, there would be no moonlight.
★要是没有阳光，就不会有月光。
But for the help of my teachers, I couldn't have made such progress.
★要是没有老师们的帮助，我不会取得这样的进步。
But for the rain, we should have had a pleasant journey.
★如果不下雨，我们那次旅行就愉快了。
I would have given you more help that day, but I was so busy.
★要是那天我不是太忙的话，我会给你更多的帮助。
In the absence of mathematics, science would not exist.
★没有数学，科学就不存在了。
It would be a mistake not to help him.
★不帮助他将是一个错误。
Seen at a distance, the glass necklace might have passed for a genuine diamond.
★若从远处看，这条玻璃项链几乎可能会被当作真的钻石项链。
Suppose we decided to move the earth to another part of the universe.
★假定我们现在决定把地球运到宇宙的另一部分。
Ten years ago, I could have swum across the Channel.
★若是10年前，我可以游过英吉利海峡。
This same thing, happening in wartime, would amount to disaster.
★同样的事情，如果发生在战时，就会酿成大祸。
Without a visa he could not have entered China.
★如果没有签证，他当初进入不了中国国境。
Without your support, we couldn't finish the job.
★若没有你们的支持，我们不可能干完这工作。
句型162：混合时间虚拟句
例句：If you had not helped them, they would still be in New York now.
【★】：如果你过去没有帮助他们，他们现在还呆在纽约呢。
【句型点拨】：虚拟句中，如果主句和从句分别与过去和现在的事实相反，则使用混合时间虚拟句。例句中，从句与过去事实相反，使用过去完成时；主句与现在事实相反，使用一般过去时。
If I had studied English at school, I could read the English original works now.
★如果我（过去）在学校学过英语，现在就能够读英文原版作品了。
If they had met that year, they would have no misunderstanding between them now.
★如果那年他们见了面，现在他们之间就不会有误解了。
If I knew your E-mail address, I would have sent E-mail to you last night.
★如果我知道你的电子邮箱，我昨晚就给你发邮件了。
If you hadn't worked hard last year, you wouldn't now be a college student.
★如果你去年不用功的话，你现在就不是大学生了。
If I were you, I would have gone to the film last night.
★如果我是你，昨天我就去看电影了。
If we hadn't got everything ready by now, we should be having a terrible time.
★如果我们现在没有把一切准备好，明天情况就糟了。
If you had followed the doctor's advice, you would be quite all right now.
★如果你当时听了医生的话，你的病现在就好了。
If it hadn't rained that much this spring, the groups would be growing still better.
★如果今年春季没有下那么多雨，作物长得会更好。
He would have given you more help, but he has been ill.
★他本可以给你更多帮助的，但他病了。
If I had spoken to him yesterday, I should know what to do now.
★假如昨天我对他说了，现在我就知道该怎么办了。
You would be much better now if you had taken my advice.
★假如你接受了我的意见，你现在就会好得多。
If father hadn't sent me, I shouldn't be here.
★假如父亲没有叫我来，我现在就不会在这里。
If he knew this, it would have had to be by accident.
★假如他已经知道此事，那一定会是偶然的。
If he had received six more votes, he would be our chairman now.
★如果他多得6票，他现在就是我们的主席了。
句型163：虚拟式中的原形动词
例句：If your desires be endless, your cares will be so, too.
【★】：如果你的欲望没有穷尽，那么你的忧虑也是无穷尽的。
【句型点拨】：该句型属于假设现在的虚拟语气，其真实性介于与现在事实相反的虚拟条件句和真实性条件句之间，之所以用这种虚拟语气，主要是为了表示说话人主观上不愿此事发生，但客观上很有可能发生，表示忧虑或推测等。该句型中，主句谓语动词既可以使用一般现在时，也可以使用一般将来时。
If this be true, I am sorry for it.
★如果这是真的，就太可惜了。
This, if the news be true, is a very serious matter.
★这消息如果是真的，那问题就严重了。
If John be found guilty, he shall have the right of appeal.
★如果约翰被判有罪的话，他有权上诉。
If the temperature of the gas be increased, the gas will tend to expand.
★如果气体温度升高，它就膨胀。
If that be the case, I must go at once.
★如果那是真的，我必须马上走。
If the heart be malformed, the condition may be ascertained by the X-ray examination.
★如果心脏呈畸形，这种情况可用X射线检查确认。
If any vehicle be found parked on these premises, it shall be towed away.
★如果发现有车停在此处，它将被拖走。
If that be the official view, it cannot be accepted.
★如果这是官方的看法，这是不能接受的。