第4章 动名词句型
句型45：动名词作主语
例句：Putting on airs is absolutely impermissible.
【★】：摆架子是绝不允许的。
【句型点拨】：本句为动名词作主语的句型。动名词也可以在it is no use doing sth.或there is no doing sth.作主语。
Popularizing the new method was not an easy job.
★推广这种新方法不是一件容易的事。
Talking mends no holes.
★空谈无济于事。
Breathing became difficult on the summits.
★山顶上呼吸变得困难。
Talking to him is talking to wall.
★和他说话等于对牛弹琴。
Growing roses is her hobby.
★种玫瑰是她的业余爱好。
Gambling is forbidden in our country.
★我们国家禁止赌博。
It was comfortable and pleasant sitting there.
★坐在那儿很舒适惬意。
It was tiring driving from morning till night.
★从早到晚开车很累。
It is nuisance spitting in public.
★在大庭广众之下吐痰令人生厌。
It was very difficult getting everything ready in time.
★要把一切按时准备好非常困难。
It will be nice seeing them again.
★能再见到他们真好。
It is no use sending him over. It's too late already.
★派他去没用，已经太晚了。
It's no good waiting here. Let's walk home.
★在这儿等没有什么好处，我们走回去吧。
It's no good coming before that.
★在那之前来没有用。
It's no use asking for me. I don't know any more than you do.
★问我没用，我知道得不比你多。
It's a waste of time arguing about it.
★辩论这事是浪费时间。
There is no joking about such matters.
★这种事开不得玩笑。
There is no denying the fact that the new method has greatly increased labor productivity.
★不可否认，新方法大大提高了劳动生产率。
There is no telling when this might happen again.
★没法预料这样的事情什么时候会再发生。
There was no mistaking in his intention.
★他的意图不可能被看错。
句型46：动名词作表语
例句：The real problem is getting to know the needs of the people.
【★】：真正的问题是了解人们的需要。
【句型点拨】：动名词用作表语。动名词和不定式都可以作主语或表语，一般来说，表示抽象的一般行为多用动名词，表示具体的某次行为，特别是将来的行为，多用不定式。
Denying this will be shutting one's eyes to facts.
★否认这一点就是闭眼不看事实。
The toughest nut to crack was finding the right kind of insulating material.
★最棘手的问题是如何找到合适的绝缘材料。
Reading is learning, but applying is also learning and the more important kind of learning at that.
★读书是学习，使用也是学习而且是更重要的学习。
Their pastime is going to movies.
★他们的消遣是看电影。
One of her duties is keeping the department files.
★她的任务之一是管理部门的档案。
Seeing is believing.
★眼见为实。
试比较：It is quite necessary to read it many times.
★多读几次是完全必要的。
Their job is building houses.
★他们的工作是建房。
What she likes is watching the children play.
★她喜欢看孩子们玩。
句型47：动名词作宾语
例句：You mustn't delay sending our books over.
【★】：你们不要迟迟不把书给我们送来。
【句型点拨】：本句中的动名词用作谓语动词的宾语。英语中某些谓语动词只能跟动名词作宾语，不能跟不定式作宾语，常见的这类谓语动词有anticipate, contemplate, confess, imagine, involve, suggest, finish, avoid, stop, can't help, mind, need, enjoy, leave off, require, postpone, put off, deny, delay, practise, fancy, excuse, pardon, advise, consider, endure, escape, miss, go on, keep on等。
He avoided giving us a definite answer.
★他避免给我们一个明确的回答。
Hearing these words, she couldn't help thinking of her past bitterness.
★听到这些话，她不由得想起了过去的苦难。
I'm sorry I missed seeing you while in Kunming.
★很遗憾在昆明时没有能够见到你。
Fancy meeting you here.
★真想不到在这里会碰到你。
He considered going to see Paul in person.
★他考虑亲自去见保罗。
I finished reading the book last night.
★我昨晚读完了这本书。
I advise taking a different approach.
★我建议采取另外一种办法。
He never can resist making a joke.
★他总是禁不住要说笑话。
We'd better postpone discussing it till next week.
★我们最好把这事推迟到下星期讨论。
Would you mind filling out this form ？
★请填一下这张表好吗？
I really appreciate your offering to help me.
★我确实感谢你主动帮助我。
When Sally was told the story, she ceased being interested in the film.
★当莎莉知道了这部电影的内容后不再对它感兴趣。
I enjoy working with you.
★和你们一起工作我很愉快。
Have you finished correcting the students' papers？
★ 学术的卷子改完了吗？
Let's go on practicing it.
★我们继续练习吧。
We'll keep on working in that spirit.
★我们将继续以这种精神工作。
句型48：动名词作介词宾语
例句：I've been looking forward to visiting Europe for a long time.
【★】：好久以来我一直盼望到欧洲参访。
【句型点拨】：该句型是动名词作介词宾语，这个介词可以独立使用，如for，on，at，也可以与动词、名词或形容词构成词组，如insist on, be afraid of, have no objection to等。
The movie was dull to watch, besides being badly filmed.
★这部电影看起来很乏味，拍得也很糟糕。
After looking over the newly bought scanner, he quickly disassembled it.
★他仔细看了一下刚买来的扫描仪，就把它给拆开了。
How can that guy come into my office without being permitted ？
★那家伙怎么未经我的许可就进我的办公室？
I'm thinking of going to the book show this afternoon.
★我想下午去看书展。
Who can prevent us from being married？
★ 谁能阻止我们结婚呢？
They are all opposed (They all objected) to putting the meeting off.
★他们都反对把会议延期。
Have you got used (accustomed) to working on the night shift ？
★你习惯了上夜班了吗？
They charged him with neglecting his duties.
★他们指责他玩忽职守。
Did you take part in installing the equipment？
★你是否参加了安装这些设备？
I haven't succeeded in convincing him.
★我没能说服他。
I don't feel like eating anything.
★我不想吃东西。
I objected to being treated like that.
★我反对这样对待我。
Why do you persist in writing such things？
★你为什么老要写这些东西？
Please refrain from smoking during performance.
★演唱时请勿吸烟。
Is there any place you are particularly keen on visiting？
★有没有你特别想参观的地方？
I've always believed in being broad-minded.
★我一向主张宽宏大量。
She is afraid of falling behind the others.
★她怕落在别人的后面。
He is quite capable of neglecting his duties.
★他很有可能失职。
I'm fed up with talking to you.
★和你谈话我都谈烦了。
句型49：复合宾语中的动名词
例句：I don't think it worthwhile going to such a place.
【★】：到这样一个地方去我看不值得。
【句型点拨】：动名词在这种复合宾语结构中作宾语，在宾语位置上使用it，把作真正宾语的动名词词组放到句子后面。
Do you consider it any good trying again？
★ 你觉得再试会有好处吗？
She found it useless (no use) arguing with him.
★她发现和他辩论没有用。
He thought it absolutely senseless attempting the impossible.
★试图做不可能做到的事，他认为是完全没有道理的。
The novel is worth reading many times.
★这小说值得看很多遍。（作复合谓语的宾语）
Do you think it worthwhile investing a large sum of money in this company？
★你认为投资一大笔钱在这家公司值吗？
Do you consider it right spending so much money on cosmetics？
★你觉得花那么多钱买化妆品对吗？
He knew it no use taking tonic medicine.
★他知道吃补药毫无用处。
I found it all Greek to me listening to programs in foreign languages.
★我发觉听外语广播节目如同听天书。
句型50：动名词作定语
例句：Would you mind going to the sleeping car to have a rest?
【★】：到卧车休息一下如何？
【句型点拨】：动名词作定语修饰名词，用来说明被修饰名词的用途或类别。
This carrying pole reminds me of our bitter days in the past.
★这条扁担使我想起在旧社会的苦难日子。
The date for opening the swimming-pool has not yet been decided.
★游泳池开放的日期尚未确定。
This term we have no writing courses.
★这学期我们没有写作课。
We need a lot of drinking water.
★我们需要很多的饮用水。
My father works in a printing shop.
★我父亲在印刷厂工作。
Our teacher uses a very good teaching method.
★我们教师的教学方法很好。
句型51：动名词的逻辑主语
例句：Their coming to help was a great encouragement to us.
【★】：他们来帮忙对我们是莫大的鼓舞。
【句型点拨】：动名词的逻辑主语多半为句子的主语，如句子“That boy is fond of playing the guitar.”中，动名词playing的逻辑主语就是句子的主语that boy。如果动名词的逻辑主语不是句子主语，我们通过在动名词前添加一个形容词性物主代词或名词所有格。本例中，动名词coming前就添加了形容词性物主代词their。
Nothing is worse than our bowing before difficulties.
★最糟糕的是我们向困难低头。
Our sole worry is your relying too much on yourself.
★我们唯一担忧的就是你太依靠自己了。
Please excuse my interrupting you.
★请原谅我打断了你的话。
Do you think there will be any chance of my seeing him again？
★你认为我还有见他的机会吗？
It has been a great honor your coming to visit us.
★你来看我们真是不胜荣幸。
I can still recall your saying to me that you were going to be a lawyer.
★我还记得你曾经对我说过你想当律师。
Your denying anywhere will get you nowhere.
★你否定一切将是办不到的。
He was awakened by someone knocking on the window.
★有人敲窗子把他惊醒了。
The girl's being educated in an atmosphere of simple life was what her parents wished.
★让这女孩在简朴的环境下受教育是她父母的愿望。
But for the fireman's rescuing me timely from the office block, I would have been burnt alive.
★要不是消防队员们及时把我从办公大楼救出来，我早就活活地被烧死了。
They reacted strongly against Bud's discontinuing his studies to establish a soft ware company.
★他们强烈反对巴德辍学去办软件公司。
动名词的逻辑主语是名词时，该名词有时使用通格形式，即只用名词原形，不添加所有格标志（'s）。例如：
They all thought Zhao Hui's going there a great mistake.
★他们都认为赵辉到那里去是个错误。
He is opposed to the idea of money being everywhere.
★他反对金钱万能的思想。
句型52：动名词的时态
例句：He was praised for having made such a contribution to the country.
【★】：他因对国家做了这样大的贡献而受到表扬。
【句型点拨】：动名词的一般式主要用来表示与谓语同时发生的动作（如We can't resist comparing him with his virtuous wife.）或在谓语之后发生的动作（如He proposed making the final decision after the data was analyzed.）。动名词的完成式表示的动作十分明确地发生在谓语动词之前。本例中，“做贡献”在先，谓语“表扬”在后，所以，使用动名词完成式。
They are all interested in climbing mountains.
★他们都对爬山感兴趣。（一般形式）
On returning home, he found his mother seriously ill.
★在回家时他发现妈妈病得不轻。
Thank you for giving us so much help.
★谢谢您给了我们这么多帮助。
He took great delight in helping others.
★他以帮助别人为乐。
I regret not having taken her advice.
★我后悔没有听他的劝告。
He forgot having been to that small town many years before.
★他忘记了多年前曾去过那个小镇。
The teacher didn't mention having forced you to copy the new words for 100 times.
★老师没有提到曾经要你把生词抄写100遍这件事。
句型53：动名词的被动式
例句：His being neglected by the host added to his uneasiness.
【★】：他受了主人的冷遇而更加不舒服。
【句型点拨】：动名词逻辑上的主语表示该动作的对象时，动名词用被动式。
This question is far from being settled.
★这问题远没有被解决。
We congratulated him on his being admitted to the university.
★我们祝贺他考上大学。
He didn't mind being left at home.
★把他留在家里他并不在意。
So being killed by sharks was a common occurrence.
★因此那时给鲨鱼吃掉是常有的事。
She was furious at being denied admittance.
★不让她进去她非常生气。
I don't remember having ever been given a chance to try this method.
★我不记得谁给过我试验这方法的机会。
I appreciate being given this opportunity.
★我很感谢给了我这个机会。
I cannot help being touched by their zeal.
★我禁不住被他们的热情所打动。
He ran away for fear of being hurt.
★他跑掉了唯恐受到伤害。
句型54：动名词的主动式表示被动意义
例句：Pig iron requires remelting in order to reduce its carbon content.
【★】：生铁需要重新熔化，以减少含碳量。
【句型点拨】：在这个结构中，动名词虽是主动形式，但却表达被动意义。与这种结构相关的有动词bear（适宜于、允许），want, require, need, deserve等，形容词worth和介词past, beyond, above等。
My car needs filling.
★我的汽车需要加油了。
The point deserves mentioning.
★这一点值得提一下。
This problem requires studying with great care.
★这问题需要仔细研究。
Who needs looking after？
★ 谁需要照顾？
The moving parts of a machine need oiling regularly.
★机器活动部件需要定期加油。
The taxi driver's deed deserves honoring.
★的士司机的事迹值得表扬。
His sufferings don't bear thinking about.
★他经受的苦难简直不堪回首。
Her method is worth trying.
★他的方法值得一试。
The picture is not worth looking at.
★这画不值得一看。
That place is worth traveling hundreds of kilometers to see.
★那地方值得跑上千公里去看。
If there is a load in the center, it will be past bearing for the beam.
★如果中央有了负荷，就要超过横梁的承载力。
What she's said and done are above reproaching.
★她的所作所为无可指责。
His crimes were beyond mentioning.
★他罪行累累，罄竹难书。
句型55：动名词的否定
例句：Many people struck at the authorities' not taking any measures against crime.
【★】：很多人抨击政府当局不采取任何措施打击犯罪活动。
【句型点拨】：要对动名词进行否定，只需在该动名词前添加否定副词not。如果该动词带有自己的逻辑主语，not置于该主语和动名词之间。
You can't really blame Helen for not wanting to get involved.
★你真的不能因为海伦不愿意卷入而责怪她。
If I were in your shoes, I would forgive his not having posted money in time.
★我要是你的话，我会宽恕他没有按时寄钱的。
How I regret not having followed his advice then.
★我真后悔当时没有听从他的劝告。
He used his sore throat as a pretext for not going to school.
★他以喉痛作为不去学校的借口。
His teacher reproached him for not doing his homework as required.
★老师责备他没有按照要求做作业。
He apologized for not coming to the party, pleading pressure of work.
★他为不能到会而道歉，推说是工作太忙。
句型56：名词化的动名词
例句：We should give the room a good cleaning.
【★】：我们应当把房间好好打扫一下。
【句型点拨】：动名词可以进一步名词化，以至于用法和语法功能与普通名词相同。此时，它们可以带冠词，可以有定语修饰，甚至还可以有复数形式。本例中，名词化的动名词cleaning带有自己的形容词修饰语，前面还有不定冠词，语法功能上，成为了一个单数可数名词。
The drawing of the plan was his task.
★起草这一计划是他的任务。
Who did the recording？
★谁录的音？
Can you come back for a fitting on the 18th？
★你可不可以18号来试试衣服？
I have some shopping to do this afternoon.
★我今天下午要去买些东西。
The work needs careful planning.
★这工作需要周密计划。
The situation requires tactful handling.
★这情况需要妥帖处理。
The story has a happy ending.
★这故事有一个愉快的结局。
We will give them powerful backing.
★我们将给以他们有力的支持。
It is a distant flying from Shanghai to New York.
★从上海到纽约是一次远距离的飞行。
He could not analyze his feelings.
★他没法分析自己的感情。
Take good care of your belongings.
★注意保管好你的东西。
Everybody was annoyed at her mischievous doings.
★大家对她恶作剧的行为很不高兴。
He paid little attentions to their comings and goings.
★他对他们的来去踪迹很少注意。