第2章 现在分词句型
句型22：现在分词作表语
例句：It's frightening even to think of the horrors of nuclear war.
【★】：即便是想象一下核战争的恐怖也会使人毛骨悚然的。
【句型点拨】：现在分词能作表语，主要是一些表示情绪、状态、品质的现在分词，如amazing, annoying, amusing, boring, appealing, appalling, charming, confusing, distressing, disappointing, discouraging, frightening, touching, thrilling, obliging, convincing, pressing, refreshing, promising, striking, inviting, rewarding, misleading, disturbing等。
It's amazing that you should know that! 你竟然连这都知道，真令人惊奇。
The report is most alarming.
★这份报告很令人警醒。
It's astonishing to me that he should be absent.
★他竟然缺席，这使我感到很吃惊。
The plight of the starving natives is appalling.
★土著居民挨饿的状况简直可怕。
Some foreign press reports are quite confusing.
★某些外国新闻报道很令人迷惑不解。
The sight had not been encouraging.
★那景象并不令人鼓舞。
She was very pleasing in her appearance.
★她的外貌很招人喜欢。
His concern for his mother is most touching.
★他对母亲的关爱很感人。
It was thrilling to listen to the story of his adventures.
★听他的冒险故事很激动人心。
She is always very obliging.
★她总是乐于助人。
These developments were very disturbing.
★这些发展状况相当令人不安。
The article was misleading, and the newspaper has apologized.
★这篇文章具有误导性，而且这家报纸已经道了歉。
The breeze was cool and refreshing.
★这阵微风很凉爽提神。
The tea smells inviting and tastes fresh.
★这茶香气诱人，味道清新。
The cake looks tempting.
★蛋糕很诱人。
The difference was most striking.
★差别很明显。
句型23：现在分词作前位定语
例句：Daniel was a pleasing man with pleasing manners.
【★】：丹尼尔是个讨人喜欢的彬彬有礼的人。
【句型点拨】：作表语的现在分词都可以用在名词前面，作前位定语。现在分词和动名词都能作定语修饰名词，现在分词表示所修饰名词的动作，而动名词表示目的、用途等，如sleeping beauty（睡美人）与sleeping-pills（安眠药片），running water（自来水）与running track（跑道）。现在分词还可以构成合成形容词修饰名词，如a man-eating beast, an easy-going man, far-reaching designs等。
A rolling stone gathers no moss.
★滚石不生苔。
Acid rain has a devastating effect on the environment.
★酸雨对环境有极大的破坏作用。
Daring ideas are like chessmen. They may be beaten, but they may start a winning game.
★大胆的想法就像棋子。它们也许会被吃掉，但也可能打开获胜的棋局。
He is a promising new painter.
★他是一位很有希望的新画家。
He is an extremely promising young dancer.
★他是个极有前途的青年舞蹈演员。
He looked at me with questioning eyes.
★他用询问的目光看着我。
His surprising recovery delighted everyone of us.
★他出人意料的康复使大家都很高兴。
I found him a charming person.
★我发现他是一个讨人喜欢的人。
I had a rather depressing time.
★我有过一段相当压抑的时间。
It was an astonishing performance.
★这是一场令人惊讶的演出。
It was an exciting hunt, but the fox escaped.
★这真是一场扣人心弦的追猎，可惜狐狸还是跑了。
It was such a boring meeting that many fell asleep.
★会议如此单调乏味，不少人都睡着了。
She couldn't sign his name with quivering fingers.
★她因为手颤抖不能签名。
That is the least convincing excuse you could offer.
★那是你能提出的最没说服力的理由了。
That must have been a terrifying experience.
★那准是一段可怕的经历。
That's a frightening thought.
★这是一个可怕的想法。
The experiment was an amazing success.
★这个实验是一个令人惊讶的成功。
Those relations of his are boring people.
★他那些亲属都是一些讨人嫌的人。
What a shocking waste of time!
★这样浪费时间真令人惊讶。
句型24：现在分词作后位定语
例句：Here is a leaflet giving full particulars of the plan.
【★】：这里有一份介绍这计划全部细节的宣传单。
【句型点拨】：现在分词（词组）用作后位定语，多是定语从句改写而来的。本句中的现在分词词组就可以改写为定语从句that gives full particulars of the plan。
The village is made up of 490 families belonging (who belonged) to five nationalities.
★这个村由490户人，分属5个民族。
China stretches across a vast area covering (which covers) the cold, temperate and the tropic zones.
★中国幅员辽阔，包括寒带、温带和热带。
We are brothers sharing (who share) weal and woe.
★我们是患难与共的兄弟。
They plan to build a high way leading (which leads) into the mountains.
★他们计划建造一条高速公路通向山区。
Who is the woman talking (who is talking) to Jim？
★ 跟吉姆谈话的那位妇女是谁？
There is a car waiting (which is waiting) outside.
★有一辆车在外面等。
The girl sitting (who is sitting) next to me is my cousin.
★坐在我旁边的是我表妹。
He was woken up by a bell ringing (which was ringing).
★他被铃声吵醒。
The company making (which makes) integrated circuits is located in outer suburbs of the city.
★集成电路制造公司位于本市远郊。
句型25：现在分词作宾语补足语
例句：I see him passing my house every day.
【★】：我看见他天天从我房前走过。
【句型点拨】：现在分词在某些动词后面构成复合宾语，变成被动式则成为复合谓语。这些动词有see, hear, watch, catch, notice, find, feel, keep, have, set, leave, start, look at, listen to等。其中一些动词后也可以跟不定式构成复合宾语，表示动作正在进行时用现在分词，表示动作完成时用不定式。
We found him standing on the sidewalk eating an ice bar.
★我们发现他站在人行道上吃着冰棍。
Have you noticed the game satisfying all the kids ？
★这个游戏让小家伙们心满意足，看到了吗？
The art of illustration usually makes a book more interesting.
★插图艺术会使书籍更有趣。
He saw a strange expression coming over the face of the hostess.
★他看见女主人脸上流露出一种异样的表情。
She soon had them all laughing.
★她很快就让他们都笑了。
His letter left me feeling pretty humble.
★他的信使我感到自己很卑微。
She caught them stealing her apples.
★她抓到他们偷她的苹果。
I could feel the wind blowing on my face.
★我能感到风迎面吹来。
This news started me thinking.
★这则消息使我深思。
I smelt something burning .
★我闻到有东西烧糊了。
I listen to the band playing in the park.
★我听乐队在公园里演奏。
句型26：现在分词作时间状语
例句：Seeing the wedding picture, she couldn't help thinking of the day when she got married.
【★】：看到这张结婚照，她不禁想起她结婚的那天。
【句型点拨】：现在分词作时间状语，相当于一个时间状语从句。有时，还可以在现在分词前使用连词。
Taking a key out of his pocket, he opened the door.
★他从口袋里拿出钥匙，把门打开。
Arriving at the station, he found the train had left.
★到火车站时，他发现火车已经开走了。
Learning of the death of her husband, she burst into tears.
★当她得知丈夫去世时，她放声大哭。
Arriving at the worksite, he found them busy laying bricks.
★到达工地时，他看见他们正在忙着垒砖头。
Returning from abroad, he began to teach at the university.
★从国外回来后，他开始在该大学任教。
When leaving the airport, they waved again and again to us.
★离开机场时，他们频频向我们挥手。
Entering the dining room, he saw his mother in a white clean overall.
★当走进饭厅时，他看见母亲穿着一件白色工作服。
Any body, having been heated to a sufficient high temperature, becomes a source of light.
★任何物体加热到足够高的温度以后就变成光源。
When burning, the rubber gives forth terrible smells.
★橡胶燃烧时发出难闻的气味。
While circling the earth, the satellite took many pictures.
★卫星绕着地球旋转时拍下许多照片。
句型27：现在分词作原因状语
例句：Being so excited, many of us could not go to sleep that night.
【★】：因为兴奋，我们中不少人那晚睡不着。
【句型点拨】：现在分词作原因状语，相当于一个原因状语从句。有时，还可以在现在分词前使用连词。
Being rather weak, he couldn't stay up for too long.
★因为相当虚弱，所以他熬夜不能熬得太久。
Coming from a country where thrift is a virtue and waste a kind of sin, he never wasted food.
★因为他来自一个节俭是美德、浪费是犯罪的国家，他从不浪费食物。
Being light and strong, aluminum alloys have found wide application in aircraft industry.
★铝合金重量轻、强度高，因此广泛用于飞机制造业。
Being too small, atoms cannot be seen even through a powerful microscope.
★因为原子太小，因此使用大倍数显微镜也无法看见。
Seeing nobody at home, he decided to leave a note.
★看见没有人在家，所以他决定留张纸条。
Having never handled a computer, he met with a lot of difficulties at first.
★由于他从未使用过计算机，因此，开始时碰到许多困难。
His mother, not wishing to make her daughter upset, kept it secret for a long time that she had been dismissed from the job.
★因为不想使女儿心烦，妈妈把自己失业的事保密了好长时间。
Not knowing her address, we couldn't get in touch with her.
★因为不知道她的地址，我们无法与她取得联系。
The doctor, not wishing to alarm her, didn't tell her how serious her situation was.
★医生不想让她惊慌，没有告诉她病情有多么严重。
句型28：现在分词作条件状语
例句：Doing this work every day, you will soon improve.
【★】：每天做这种工作，你的身体会好起来的。
【句型点拨】：现在分词作条件状语，相当于一个条件状语从句。有时，还可以在现在分词前使用连词。
Turning to the right, you will find the house.
★如果你向右转，你就会发现那房子。
Not sending e-mails to him any more, you won't be harassed by him.
★不再给他发邮件，他也不会再来骚扰你了。
Seeing it for the first time, one would hardly believe it.
★如果第一次见到它，人们几乎不会相信。
The same thing, happening in the wartime, would amount to a disaster.
★同样的事情，如果发生在战争时期，就会造成灾难。
Floating on water, a ship displaces an amount of water equal to the weight of the ship.
★如果船浮于水面，它排开的水的重量与船本身的重量相等。
Once having left the premises, you must buy another ticket to reenter.
★一旦离开这座房子，再次进入就得重新买票。
句型29：现在分词作结果状语
例句：I fell, striking my head against the door and cutting it.
【★】：我跌倒了，头撞在门上，出了血。
【句型点拨】：现在分词作结果状语，主要表示谓语动作发生后，带来的一种结果。
He fired, wounding one of the bandits.
★他开枪伤了一位匪徒。
It rained for two weeks on end, completely ruining our holiday.
★接连下了两周雨，把我们的假日全毁了。
We increase the length of the wire, thus increasing its resistance.
★我们增加了导线的长度，因而增加了它的电阻。
The manager has added a new typist to two the company originally had, thus increasing the total number to three.
★经理已在公司原有的两个打字员中增加了一个，因而打字员总数增加到3个。
Her husband died of illness last year, leaving her with two children.
★去年她丈夫病死了，给她留下两个孩子。
Traffic has greatly increased, making matters even worse.
★车辆增多了许多，结果使情况更糟糕。
They opened fire, killing five demonstrators.
★他们开枪打死了5个示威者。
The rain lasted a week, resulting in a serious traffic confusion in this area.
★雨下了一星期，造成了整个地区严重交通堵塞。
句型30：现在分词作让步状语
例句：Being short of money, they still made adequate arrangement for their daily life.
【★】：尽管缺钱，他们还是把日常生活安排得很好。
【句型点拨】：现在分词作让步状语，相当于一个让步状语从句。有时，可以在现在分词前使用连词。
Seeming hearty and outgoing in public, Mr. Cooks is a withdrawn, introverted man.
★虽然库克先生在公共场合好像很热情开朗，但他却是个孤僻而性格内向的人。
Trying by hook or crook, he did not get it at last.
★尽管费尽心机，他最后还是没有把它弄到手。
Working or playing, Sarah is always intense.
★无论工作还是玩耍，萨拉都很认真。
Being changed in forms, energy itself can neither be created nor be destroyed.
★虽然能量的形式会改变，但能量本身既不会产生也不会消失。
Not being seen, air has weight and is surprisingly heavy in considerable amount.
★空气虽然看不见，但它有重量，而且大量的空气还重得惊人呢。
Although living many miles away, he attended the course.
★虽然他住在数英里之外，但他仍然来上课。
句型31：现在分词作伴随状语
例句：He said goodbye to her shaking, her hand in a friendlymanner.
【★】：他友好地和她握手告别。
【句型点拨】：现在分词作伴随状语，主要表示该动作与谓语动词所表示的动作同时发生，只是处于次要地位。
I got home, feeling very tired.
★我回到家，感到非常疲惫。
Those youngsters, shouldering spades and hoes, left merrily for the fields.
★那些年轻人扛着铁锹和锄头，高高兴兴地下地干活去了。
Mary walked round the town, looking at the sights.
★玛丽在城里转悠观景。
I stood by the lathe, watching how it is operated.
★我站在车床旁，看它是如何操作的。
He stood there talking with the students.
★他站在那里和学生们谈话。
He sat in the armchair reading a newspaper.
★他坐在椅子上看报。
句型32：现在分词作外位状语
例句：Strictly speaking, that school is not very old.
【★】：严格地讲，那所学校并不算古老。
【句型点拨】：如果作状语的现在分词表示说话人的看法，不受句子主语人称和数的限制，且多位于句首，该现在分词则用作外位状语。
Broadly speaking, adjectives are words that qualify nouns.
★广义地讲，形容词是修饰名词的。
I think, personally speaking, it's a good idea.
★就为个人来说，我认为这是一个好主意。
Judging by his testimonials, I think he will suit the post.
★从他的推荐信来看，我认为他是很适合这项工作的。
He leads a very active life, considering his age.
★考虑到他的年纪，他生活是很活跃的。
Supposing he can't come, who will do the work?
★假若他来不了，谁来干这活？
句型33：现在分词的完成式
例句：Having found a hotel, they began to look for a restaurant.
【★】：找到旅馆之后，他们就开始找餐馆。
【句型点拨】：如果现在分词动作发生在谓语动作之前，分词需要使用完成式。
Having reviewed his lessons, he went to bed.
★他复习完功课就睡觉了。
Having sent the children to school, she got ready to go to work.
★送孩子们上学之后，他就准备去上班。
Having been ill for two weeks, she felt rather weak.
★由于病了两周，她感到身体很虚弱。
Having invited so many people, we had to prepare sufficient food.
★既然请了那么多人，我们就得准备足够的食物。
Not having got an answer, I decided to write him another letter.
★由于没有收到回音，我决定再给他写封信。
句型34：现在分词构成的独立主格结构
例句：The day being fine (= As the day was fine), we decided to go swimming.
【★】：由于天气晴朗，我们决定去游泳。
【句型点拨】：主从句或并列句中，如果含有连词的句子是主动语态，可改写为独立主格结构，即省略连词，然后将谓语动词改写成现在分词结构，生成“名词＋现在分词”结构。这种独立主格结构有时可在名词前增加介词with或without，其意义变化不大。
It being a holiday, all the shops were shut.
★由于这天是假日，所有的商店都关门了。
We are going to play golf, weather permitting.
★要是天气允许，我们将要去打高尔夫球。
This having been said, let's return to our subject.
★这事已说完，让我们言归正传。
We explored the cave, Peter acting as guide.
★由彼得当向导，我们探索了那个洞穴。
There being ice on the road, I told the driver slow down.
★路上有冰，我让司机慢点开。
The examination being over, the students went out of the classroom one by one.
★学生们考完试后一个一个地走出教室。
Mike entered the classroom with his head being held high.
★迈克趾高气扬地走进教室。
He felt more uneasy with all the whole class staring at him.
★全班都瞧着他，他有点不自在了。
The county was organized in 1945, with Tibetan herdsmen making up about 40% of its population.
★这个县是1945年建立的，藏族牧民约占总人口的40％。
句型35：现在分词的否定
例句：He failed to recognize her at first, not having seen her for fifteen years or so.
【★】：因为大约有15年没见到她，他一开始没认出她来。
【句型点拨】：否定现在分词时，在该分词前添加否定副词not。
Not having been oiled, the new machine can't be used.
★没有加过油，这台机器不能使用。
Not having heard from his parents for a long time, he became worried.
★好久没有收到父母的来信，他焦虑起来。
Not having obtained a ticket for the match, he can now only watch it on TV at home.
★由于没有搞到门票，他现在只能在家里看电视转播了。
Not knowing his address, we couldn't get in touch with him.
★由于不知道他的地址，我们无法与他取得联系。
Not knowing what to do, she went to the teacher for help.
★不知道该做什么好，她便去求助于老师。
Not wanting to interrupt them, he remained silent.
★他不想打扰他们，没有说话。
Having no money but not wanting anyone to know, he simply said he would go without dinner.
★由于身上没带钱又不想让人知道，他只说自己不吃饭也行。