第17章 让步句型
句型219：though/although引出的让步状语从句
例句：He didn't light the fire, though/although it was cold.
【★】：虽然很冷，他也没引火取暖。
【句型点拨】：though/although表示“虽然，纵然”之意。一般情况下，though和although可以换用；though较常使用，although比though正式，两者都可与yet，still或nevertheless连用，但不能与but连用；though可以与even连用，而although不能；当让步分句所指一种假设的情况时，通常用though，而不用although。
Although they're brothers, they never write to each other.
★虽然他们是兄弟，但从来不通信。
Although the new process has many advantages, there are some weak points in itself.
★这项新工艺虽有许多优点，但它本身还有某些弱点。
I had a happy childhood although/though I did not have such expensive toys.
★尽管我没有如此昂贵的玩具，但我童年同样过得很愉快。
Though she is over 70, she is still very health and energetic.
★她虽然超过70岁了，但仍很健康、精力充沛。
Though he was tired, yet/still he went on working.
★他虽然疲劳，但仍继续工作。
Though everyone may cheat you, I will not.
★即便大家都可能欺骗你，我也不会。
Though all the people were against me, I should still hold to my opinion.
★即使所有人都会反对我，我也将坚持我的观点。
Though he is poor, yet he is satisfied with his situation.
★尽管很穷，他对自己的现状很满意。
I will go as planed though it might snow tomorrow.
★即使明天下雪，我也按计划出发。
He is quite modest though he is a leading cadre.
★他虽然是领导干部，但很谦虚。
He will probably agree, you never know, though.
★虽然你不会知道，但他可能会同意。
句型220：even if/even though引出的让步状语从句
例句：Even though/if you do not like him, you have to hide your feelings for he is your boss.
【★】：尽管你不喜欢他，但因他是你的老板，所以你不得不掩藏你的情绪。
【句型点拨】：even if/even though表示“即使……也……”，可以代替although引出让步状语从句。用even if或even though所表示的是不完全的“让步”，或并非十分愿意的“让步”，是一种可能性，推测的、假设的而已，多用于书面语。even if和even though引导的从句可以是陈述语气也可以是虚拟语气，但意义有所不同。
Even if/though I don't like the strict rules and regulations here, I can live with them.
★虽然我不喜欢这里严格的规章制度，但我能容忍它们。
We'll make a trip even if/even though the weather is bad.
★即使天气很糟糕，我们也要去旅行。
Even if I am busy, I will attend the ceremony.
★虽然忙，我也要参加这个仪式的。
Even if I were busy, I would attend the ceremony.
★即使忙，我也会参加这个仪式的。
Even if he did say so, we can't be sure he was telling the truth.
★即使他那样说过，我们也不能确定他在讲实话。
Even if it takes me six months, I'm determined to finish the job.
★即使要我花6个月的功夫，我也要完成这个工作。
He will not reveal the secret even if he knows it.
★即使他知道这个秘密，他也不肯说出来。
Even if I were in your place, I wouldn't take the job.
★即使站在你的位置，我也不会接受这份工作。
Even though the copper wire looks quite motionless to your ordinary eye, there is a great deal of activity going on inside it.
★即使在普通的眼睛看来，铜导线似乎是不动的，但它内部的确进行着大量的活动。
Even though the enemy had wings, they couldn't escape from our encirclement.
★即使敌人有翅膀也飞不出我们的包围。
句型221：however等词引出的让步状语从句
例句：Let us choose C to be the number, however small it may be.
【★】：不管它多么小，让我们选择C作为这个数。
【句型点拨】：由“疑问词＋ever”构成的让步状语从句句型，主要是有“whatever, whenever, whoever, whichever”引导的从句。它既可以引导名词从句，也可以引导状语从句。若主句和从句之间有逗号分开，它们多半引导让步状语从句。ever作为后缀加于疑问词之后，不仅使疑问词的语气有所加强，而且使从句具有让步意义，这种让步从句大多表示推论。在让步从句中它们多译为“不管……；无论……”。
Whatever you do, you should not break the law.
★无论你做什么，你都不能违反法律。
Whenever you start, tell me.
★无论你什么时候走告诉我一声。
Whoever you are, you must obey the rules.
★无论你是谁，你都必须遵守规则。
Whichever you choose, you will be satisfied.
★无论你选择哪个，你都会满意的。
However I tried, I did not pass the exam.
★无论我如何努力，还是没能通过考试。
However hard I tried, I could not memorize the text.
★尽管我花了功夫，但课文还是记不住。
句型222：no matter＋wh-词引出的让步状语从句
例句：No matter how difficult the work is, he never complains.
【★】：无论工作多么困难，他从不抱怨。
【句型点拨】：“no matter＋wh-词”引出让步状语从句，多出现在句首。
No matter what I do, no one paid any attention 不论我做什么都没有人给予注意。
No matter how hard I tried, I couldn't manage it.
★不论我如何努力尝试，我还是做不来。
No matter where you work, you can always find time to study.
★不论你在哪里工作，你都能找到时间学习。
No matter when you call on me, you are welcome.
★你不论什么时候来，都很受欢迎。
No matter who he is, he will be punished.
★无论是谁，都将受到惩罚。
The normal temperature for a human being, no matter in what part of the world he lives, is about 37℃.
★人的正常体温为37℃，这与他生活的地点无关。
句型223：as/though/that在倒装结构中引出的让步状语从句
例句：Poor as/though/that he is, he often lends his money to his friends and relatives.
【★】：他虽然很穷，但经常借钱给亲朋好友。
【句型点拨】：as/though/that在倒装结构中引出让步状语从句，意义和正常语序中though和although引出的让步从句相似，但是表示的语气较强。使用as/that/though引出让步从句时，倒装在句首的词可以是名词、形容词、分词、副词、动词原型。如果倒装在句首的是动词，从句中应该有would，could这些情态助动词。
Young as he is, he knows a lot of things.
★他年纪虽轻，知道的事情却不少。
Heavy as the body is, still it will float in water.
★这物体虽然重，可是它仍会浮于水面。
Simple as the question may seem, it is not at all common in nature.
★这问题似乎简单，但实质上它一点也不普通。
Fast as you read, you can't finish the book so soon.
★纵然你读得快，你也不能这么快读完这本书。
Hard as/though he works, he makes little progress.
★尽管他学习很努力，但几乎没取得什么进步。
Try as we might, we could not bring him around to accept our views.
★不管我们做了多少努力，还是不能使他接受我们的看法。
Object as you may, I'll go.
★纵使你反对，我也要去。
Much as we admire Shakespeare's comedies, we can't agree that they are superior to the tragedies.
★尽管我们非常喜爱莎士比亚的喜剧，但我们不同意说他的悲剧不如他的喜剧好。
Child as/though/that he was, he knew what was the right thing to do.
★虽然他是一个孩子，但他知道该做什么。
President as he was, he was very modest.
★他虽然是总统，却很谦虚。
Church as we use the word refers to all religious institutions, be they Christian, Islamic, Buddhist, Jewish, and so on.
★我们用教堂来表示所有的宗教机构，不管该宗教是基督教、伊斯兰教、佛教还是犹太教等。
句型224：whether...or...引出的让步状语从句
例句：Whether you believe it or not, it's truth.
【★】：无论你信不信，那总是事实。
【句型点拨】：“whether...or...”引导的让步从句是一种较强烈的让步语气从句。表示一正一反的概念；就是说不管所估计的情况如何，都不会影响后面的结果。本句常译为“……也好……，总是……”，“不管……反正……”，“不管……总是……”或“不论……都是……”。
The needle has the same mass whether it is hot or cold.
★这根针，不论是热的还是冷的，质量都相同。
All matter, whether it is gaseous, liquid or solid, is made up of a vast number of extremely small particles.
★一切物质，不论是气体、液体或是固体，都由大量极小的微粒组成。
Whether or not the speed is constant, the average speed is the distance the body moves divided by the time required for the motion.
★不管速率是否是常数，平均速率总是物体运动的距离除以运动的时间。
Whether sick or well, she is always cheerful.
★有病也好，没病也好，她总是高高兴兴的。
You'll have to attend the ceremony whether you're free or busy.
★不管你忙不忙，都要参加这个典礼。
句型225：while/whereas引出的让步状语从句
例句：She is very beautiful while/whereas she is not proud.
【★】：虽然她很漂亮但是她不傲慢。
【句型点拨】：while和whereas也可引导让步状语从句，表示主从句所表示的两种差异。
She is silent, while/whereas her sister is talkative.
★她很沉默，而她的妹妹却很健谈。
While he had not much experience, he was very confident.
★虽然没有多少经验，但他却很自信。
While I disapprove of what you say, I would defend to the death your right to say it.
★尽管我不赞成你所说的话，但我要拼命维护你说话的权利。
While I like the color, I don't like the shape.
★我虽然喜欢那颜色，但不喜欢那形状。
For solving this problem, they have spent a lot of time, whereas it's impossible.
★尽管不可能，他们为此已经花了很长时间去想解决方案。
句型226：not but that, not but what引出的让步状语从句
例句：He is very strong, not but that he will sometimes catch cold.
【★】：虽然他有时也感冒，但是他的身体很健康。
【句型点拨】：not but that和not but what都可表示“虽然，尽管”，引出让步从句，相当于“though”。
He is very handsome, not but that his girlfriend refused to marry him.
★虽然他的女朋友拒绝嫁给他，但他长得的确很帅。
We're tough on the shoes we test, but not that tough.
★我们对鞋的测试十分严格，但还没达到那种程度。
I can't help her, not but what I pity her.
★虽然我真的可怜她，但我不能帮她。
I have never done it, not but what I could do it if I tried.
★要做的话，虽然我还是能做好，但我从没做过。
句型227：if引出的让步状语从句
例句：If she is rich, she is not snobbish.
【★】：虽然她很富有，但是她并不势利。
【句型点拨】：if引导让步状语从句，表示假定的让步和事实的让步。假定的让步相当于even if，首先承认这个假设，然后转入正意，常译成“即使（即便）……也（还）”等；事实的让步相当与although，表述一种既成事实，常译成“虽然（尽管）……但是（却）”等。
Direct imitation of nature is often difficult if not impossible.
★直接模仿大自然即便可能，往往也是困难的。
If you were to make a mistake of an inch in measuring the distance between two miles, that would not be serious.
★在度量两英里距离的过程中，即便出现一寸的误差，也无关紧要。
It's a really fast car, if a little expensive.
★这辆车虽然有点贵，但开起来很快。
If it was a tributary, the stream was a large one.
★虽说这河是支流，却是一条大河。
If water contains hydrogen and oxygen, you do not see them in it at all.
★水虽然含有氢和氧，但在水中却根本看不到它们。
I'll do it, if it takes me all afternoon.
★即使这工作会用去我整个下午，我也要做。
句型228：granting/granted (that)引出的让步状语从句
例句：Granting/granted that I have the ability, I do not have time to do.
【★】：即使我有能力做这份工作，我也没时间去做。
【句型点拨】：granting that和granted that这两个词组的意思是“即使，就算”。
Granted/Granting that you are a very intelligent student, you should not be so conceited.
★尽管你是一个非常聪明的学生，但也不应该这么自负。
Granted he didn't practice much, but he still played well.
★他虽然不经常练习，但仍然弹得很好。
Granted you have made much progress, you should not be conceited.
★尽管你取得了进步，也不应该自满。
Granting that it is true, it doesn't concern me.
★即使它是真的，也与我无关。
句型229：for all(that)引出的让步状语从句
例句：For all that computers can provide us with great help, they shouldn't be seen as substitutes for fundamental thinking and reasoning skills.
【★】：尽管电脑能给我们提供很多帮助，它却不应被看作是基本的思维和推理技巧的替代物。
【句型点拨】：该句型表示“尽管……仍然”，相当于“although”。
For all their great size, the elephants moved absolutely noiselessly.
★尽管象的身躯庞大，但它走动起来却一点声音也没有。
For all his health, he was not happy.
★他虽然有钱，但不快乐。
For all that he seems to dislike me, I still like him.
★虽然他好像不喜欢我，但我仍然喜欢她。
For all that he is wealthy, he is not contented.
★他虽然富有，但仍不满足。
For all that you say, I still like her.
★尽管你这么说，我仍然喜欢她。
句型230：but引出的让步含义
例句：The task is difficult enough, but we are sure that we can fulfill it.
【★】：诚然，这个任务是够艰巨的，但是我们相信能完成它。
【句型点拨】：让步状语从句中but只能单独使用，不能与though，although一起使用。but作连词用，表示意义上的转折。
I sat in the front row, but I didn't get much of what he said.
★我虽坐在前排，但他的话我听到的不多。
Green may be only a farm laborer, but he is quiet well educated.
★诚然，格林是一个农业劳动者，不过他也受过很好的教育。
He is very old, but he is strong.
★他虽然年老，可是身体却很健康。
I am not such a fool but I see through that trick.
★我虽愚笨，但还是能够识破那种诡计。
He is not so deaf but he can hear a cannon.
★他尽管耳聋，炮声还是听得见的。
句型231：介词词组regardless of等引出的让步意义
例句：She is determined to do regardless of all consequences.
【★】：她不顾一切后果，决心这样做。
【句型点拨】：regardless of, in spite of, despite, disregarding(the fact that)等介词词组表示“不顾，不管”。
I will go regardless of the weather.
★不管天气怎样，我都要去。
Disregarding all the difficulties, we'll fight it out to the end.
★我们将不顾一切困难，斗争到底。
The secret of remaining young in spite of old age and white hairs is to preserve our enthusiasm.
★即使年老发白，只要能保存我们的热情，就是保持青春年少的秘诀。
She managed despite everything to preserve her sense of humor.
★她不管遇到什么情况都竭力保持着幽默感。
With all his profound knowledge, he is always modest.
★他尽管学问渊博，但始终很谦逊。