第15章 省略句型
句型203：并列句中第二分句的省略
例句：His face is tanned and his hands (are) big and strong.
【★】：他的脸晒得很黑，他的双手大而有力。
【句型点拨】：and, but, or, as well as, both...and..., not only...but also...等连接的两个并列分句中，第二分句省去与第一分句相同的成分。
Our classroom is on the second floor, and theirs on the third floor.
★我们的教室在二楼，他们的在三楼。
She teaches at a middle school, and her husband, at a college.
★她在中学任教，她的丈夫教大学。
The scenery was beautiful, and the acting, good.
★布景很漂亮，演技也很好。
Reading makes a full man, conference a ready man, and writing an exact an.
★读书使人知识渊博；谈论使人处事机敏；写作使人判断精准。（Francis Bacon）
Some books are to be tasted, others to be swallowed, and some fewer to be chewed and digested.
★有些书宜浅尝；有些书宜狼吞；有些则宜细嚼之后消化之。（Francis Bacon）
If a man deceives me once, shame on him; if twice, shame on me.
★人欺我一次，此人可耻；欺我两次，我可耻。
If you are a master, sometimes be blind; if a servant, sometimes be deaf.
★如果你是主人，偶尔要装瞎；如果你是佣人，偶尔要装聋。
Britain is proud of her great poets and dramatists, just as Italy is proud of her painters and sculptors, and Germany of her composers.
★不列颠以她伟大的诗人和剧作家为荣，正如意大利以她的画家和雕刻师，德国以她的作曲家为荣一样。
Fully half of these fatalities come from drunk drivers, and many others from carelessness.
★这些死亡的人中至少有半数是酒后开车者造成的，另有许多死亡事故是驾驶员不小心所导致。
We went through the tests on a Monday. Jenny had hers during the day, and I mine after work.
★有一个星期一我们进行了检查。詹妮在白天，我是在下班以后。
Industry keeps the body healthy, the mind clear, the heart whole, and the purse full.
★勤勉可使身体壮健，头脑清晰，心理健全，钱包饱胀。
The proof of gold is fire; the proof of woman, gold; the proof of man, a woman.
★检验黄金者炉火，检验女人者黄金，检验男人者女人。
His suggestions made John happy, but (his suggestions made) Mary angry.
★他的建议让约翰高兴，但是让玛丽生气。
He was the winner in 1989, and Bob (was the winner) in 1990.
★他是1989年的冠军，而鲍勃是1990年的冠军。
Tom major in history and I in computer.
★汤姆学历史，我则学电脑。
句型204：并列句中第一分句的省略
例句：John can, and Bob certainly will, pass the examination.
【★】：约翰能够及格，鲍勃肯定会考试及格。
【句型点拨】：and, or, but连接的分句中，第一分句与后面分句相同的部分可以省略。
Tom is, peter will be, and Harold might be, playing for the school.
★汤姆正在为学校比赛，彼得将为学校比赛，而哈罗德可能要为学校比赛。
He looked, and was indeed, tired.
★他看起来很疲倦，实际上，他的确疲倦了。
Mary washed, Jane ironed, and Alice folded the shirts.
★玛丽洗衬衣，简熨衬衣，爱丽丝折叠衬衣。
Bob works, and Peter lives in London.
★鲍勃在伦敦工作，而彼得住在伦敦。
English is, and always has been, the tongue of the common man.
★英语是，而且一向是，人民大众的语言。
I have been and always will be conscious of my moral obligations as a citizen.
★我一直很清楚，将来也很清楚，自己作为一个公民的道义。
It may be that the Euro-centered American nation is declining as it gives way to a new Pacific civilization that will include, but not be limited to, America.
★以欧洲为中心的美国或许是在衰落，正由一个新的太平洋文化所取代，这一文化包括，但并不局限于美国。
句型205：“连词＋过去分词”式省略
例句：He won't attend the meeting unless invited.
【★】：他被邀请才会参加会议。
【句型点拨】：状语从句为被动语态，且从句主语与主句的主语相同，可省去从句主语和助动词be。
The volumes of liquids expand when heated and contract when cooled.
★液体的体积在受热时膨胀，遇冷时收缩。
If properly designed, this type of dam should not give any cause for worry in this respect.
★假如设计得当，在这一方面，没有理由为这种坝型担心。
Once established, the beliefs concerning the psychological makeup serve as norms for the behavior of adult men and women.
★这些与心理性格有关的信念一旦确立，就会成为成年男女的行为准则。
When rescued, he was almost dead.
★当他得救时，已经快没气了。
A friend is never known till needed.
★患难之交见真交。
He would never do it unless compelled.
★他绝不会这样做，除非是被迫的。
If not watered in time, your potted flowers will wither soon.
★若不及时浇水，你的盆花马上会凋谢的。
Once seen doing an evil deed, you will be cast aside by the people around you.
★一旦有人看见你在做坏事，你就会被周围的人唾弃。
Past experience, if not forgotten, is a guide for the future.
★前事不忘，后事之师。
Difficulties vanish when faced boldly.
★勇敢去面对，困难就会烟消云散。
When tempted to do anything in secret, ask yourself if you would do it in public.
★当受到诱惑去做任何秘密的事情时要自问。
Every calling is great when greatly pursued.
★只要勇于追求，每种职业都是伟大的。
Water is liquid, but when heated it becomes vapor and when frozen it is solid.
★水是液体，但加热后，变成气体；冷冻后，变成固体。
If exposed to the air, iron will react with the oxygen of the air.
★如果暴露在空气中，铁就会和空气中的氧气发生作用。
When/while locked in prison, he mastered English and German.
★坐牢期间他掌握了英语和德语。
When asked about her career, she told the interviewer she had been a movie star.
★当被问及她的经历时，她告诉面试人，她曾经是个电影明星。
句型206：“连词＋现在分词”式省略
例句：He broke his leg while climbing the tree.
【★】：他爬树时摔断了腿。
【句型点拨】：状语从句的主语与主句的主语相同，而且谓语包含有be时，从句主语与谓语中的be通常省略。
Don't mention this while talking to her.
★和她谈话时别提这件事。
He paused as if expecting Lanny to speak.
★他停了一下，好像是让兰尼讲话。
He paused for a while as though waiting for a reply.
★他停了一会，好像在等候回答。
He turned around from time to time as if searching for someone.
★他不时转身望望，仿佛在找什么人。
If traveling north, you must change at Leeds.
★如果向北走，你得在利兹换车。
She got to know him while attending a conference in Beijing.
★她是在北京开会时认识他的。
Tom was attacked by cramp while swimming across the river.
★汤姆游泳过河时抽了筋。
Unless paying by credit, please pay in cash.
★除非你用卡付款，否则请付现金。
While circling around the earth, the satellite has its solar batteries charged by the sun.
★当卫星绕地球转动时，其太阳能电池由太阳来充电。
While driving to school, Linda saw a strange sight.
★开车至学校途中，琳达见到了奇怪现象。
句型207：“连词＋形容词词组／介词词组／名词词组”式省略
例句：Mary hurriedly left the room as though ashamed.
【★】：玛丽匆匆离开房间，她像是害怕了。
【句型点拨】：状语从句的主语与主句主语相同，且为系表结构时，可省去从句的主语和联系动词be，留下表语。
The model worker worked extremely hard though still ill.
★尽管那位模范工人病得厉害，他仍极其努力地工作。
Although unable to attend, I appreciate the invitation.
★虽然不能参加，我仍高兴受到邀请。
Though tired, he was not disheartened.
★他虽然疲倦了，但没有泄气。
Whether true of false, the story is interesting.
★不管真实与否，这个故事很有意思。
You must study hard while (you are) young, or you will regret when (you are) old.
★年轻时你必须好好学习，否则你老了会后悔。
Though not large, the room was well lit.
★房间虽不大，却很亮堂。
His job when young had been to look after the landlord's dogs and horses.
★他小时候的工作是照看地主的狗和马。
He lay still as though asleep.
★他躺着一动不动，就像睡着了一样。
Though hot-tempered, he is a likeable fellow.
★虽然暴躁，但他是个可爱的人。
Mobile phones are usually powered off when (they are) not in use.
★手机不用时，通常关机。
He had an accident while on his way here.
★他来这里的路上出了车祸。
Penicillin must be stored either in the dry state or under refrigeration when in solution.
★青霉素应以干燥形式储存，为溶液形式时则应冷藏。
While (he was) at college, he was a prominent athlete.
★在大学时，他是个优秀的运动员。
The child cried as if in great pain.
★这孩子哭着，好像很疼。
Once in the examination hall, you would forget all such trivialities.
★一进考场，这样的细节你都会忘记。
Once (they are) beyond the elastic limit, materials will not be able to recover their original shapes.
★一旦超越弹性极限，材料就不能恢复原状。
Once inside her apartment she felt an urge to brush her teeth.
★一进自己的公寓套房，她就想马上刷牙。
He glanced about as if in search of something.
★他向四周看了看，像是在寻找什么。
When in New York, I stay at the Excelsior Hotel.
★在纽约时，我住在艾赛希奥宾馆。
When a boy I looked at such things quite differently.
★我小时候对这些事物的看法完全不同。
Things were beginning to improve, even if not quickly enough.
★情况开始改善，尽管速度不够快。
句型208：不定式中的省略
例句：I don't want to go, but I'll go if you wish me to.
【★】：我不想去，但是如果你希望我去，我就去。
【句型点拨】：前一分句出现动词不定式，第二分句再次出现时，可用不定式符号代替不定式。
He would do it, though I told him not to.
★虽然我告诉他不要做，但他偏要做。
Robert wanted to ride his bicycle in the street, but his mother told him not to (ride his bicycle in the street).
★罗伯特想到大街上去骑车，而母亲叫他别去。
Don't stop swimming until you are asked to.
★没有叫你停下来，你得一直游。
Children can't be given more money than they need to.
★该给孩子多少钱就给多少，不能多给。
They had to move to the island though they were not willing to.
★尽管不乐意，他们仍不得不搬到岛上去。
Your daughter is more vivacious than she used to.
★你女儿比以前活泼多了。
"Do you have to save money to support your son at university? " "I am afraid to".
★你要存钱供儿子读大学吗？恐怕是吧。
Not that I don't want to go abroad, but that I am afraid I am not able to.
★并不是我不想出国，只是因为我担心我没法出国。
Father encouraged Tina to study medicine, but she didn't want to.
★父亲鼓励蒂娜学医学，但是蒂娜不想学。
We must never fail to act as the doctor has told us to.
★我们一定要遵医嘱。
句型209：介词词组中的省略
例句：Shall I write my name on (the line), above (the line) or below the line?
【★】：我把名字写在线中，线上还是线下？
【句型点拨】：同一名词词组在句中作两个或两个以上的介词宾语时，通常省略。
A few electrons may readily be removed from, or added to, an atom.
★可以很容易地对一个原子加进或去掉几个电子。
A laser can be applied for drilling holes in or through the hardest substance ever known.
★激光器可以用来在目前已知的最坚固的物质上打孔或穿孔。
All matters in and on the earth exists in three states: solid, liquid and gas.
★地球内和地球上的一切物体均呈现3种状态：固态、液态和气态。
Bob is bored with (music), but Peter is interested in music.
★鲍勃讨厌音乐，而彼得对音乐感兴趣。
He may be above forty, but not below (forty).
★他的年纪可能在40岁以上，不会在40岁以下。
John crawled under, but Bill climbed over (the fence).
★约翰从栅栏底下爬过去，比尔从栅栏上面翻过去。
You must guard against and do away with such mistakes.
★你们应该防止和杜绝这类错误。
The difference in pressure inside and outside the pump pushes the liquid to a higher level.
★泵内外的压差把液体推向上方。
The journalist begins to pay close attention to what happens to and around himself.
★记者开始密切注意发生在他身上和身边的事情。
The trains both to and from London were late.
★今天早晨往返伦敦的火车都晚点了。
The weight of a body on and off the earth (= on the earth and off the earth) is different.
★一个物体在地球上的重量和在地球外的重量不同。
There are many arguments for and against the interview as a selection procedure.
★人们对把面试当成选择程序有较大的分歧。
To snack is to eat small amounts between or instead of meals.
★小吃是在正式吃饭之间或代替一日三餐而吃的少量食品。
We should believe in and act on this principle.
★我们应该相信这条原理，并按这条原理去做。