第3章 过去分词句型
句型36：过去分词作表语
例句：He was amazed and enchanted at the sight.
【★】：看到这景象他感到惊异着迷。
【句型点拨】：过去分词作表语的很多，其中很大一部分已经变成形容词。作表语的过去分词与被动语态的过去分词的区别在于，用于表语的过去分词表示状态，前面可以有其他系动词，而被动语态中的过去分词表示动作，必须与被动语态的各个时态配合使用。
She was annoyed at what your saying that.
★你这样讲她很不高兴。
We were so bored that we couldn't help yawning.
★我们厌烦得要命，禁不住打起了哈欠。
She felt confused, and even frightened.
★她感到困惑不解，甚至很惊恐。
I'm convinced that what you said is quite right.
★我相信你说的话很对。
She is sunk in thought.
★她陷入沉思。
They were very pleased with the girl.
★他们很喜欢这姑娘。
His clothes were covered with dust.
★他的衣服上尽是尘土。
I'm disappointed with you.
★我对你很失望。
We are all involved, whether you like it or not.
★不管你愿不愿意，我们都卷进去了。
I'm obliged to you for all you have done for us.
★我很感激你为我们做的一切。
The couple were devoted to each other.
★这对夫妇十分恩爱。试比较：
The room is (was) deserted.
★房间里空无一人。（表语）
She has been deserted by her husband.
★她被她的丈夫抛弃了。（被动）
句型37：过去分词作前位定语
例句：Mr. Knight gave a satisfied smile.
【★】：奈特先生满意地笑了笑。
【句型点拨】：过去分词，特别是表示情绪的过去分词可以用作前位定语，即放在被修饰的名词前。用作前位定语的过去分词多数表示被动含义，少部分不及物动词的过去分词作前位定语表示动作的完成，如the escaped prisoner（逃犯），fallen leaves（落叶）。
She threw a quick, frightened glance.
★她迅速而恐惧地看了我一眼。
The worried look deepened on her face.
★她脸上的愁容增加了。
She had a pleased look on her face.
★她脸上现出了高兴的神情。
She could hear his agitated voice.
★她可以听到他激动的声音。
His face wore a puzzled expression.
★他脸上有一种困惑的表情。
He turned out to be the escaped prisoner.
★他原来是那个逃犯。
Martin's confused sorrows turned to optimism.
★马丁烦闷的悲哀情绪转而变成了乐观情绪。
His embarrassed manner increased her doubt.
★他尴尬的态度增加了她的怀疑。
He didn't noticed the surprised (astonished) look on her face.
★他没注意到她脸上惊异的表情。
The most important argument for a broad education is that in studying the accumulated wisdom of the ages, we improve our moral sense.
★但是，普通教育最根本的论点应该是我们在学习前人所积累的智慧的同时，提高道德观念。
Even if stressful events are dangerous, many—like the death of a loved one—are impossible to avoid.
★尽管造成压力的事情对健康有害，但许多是无法避免的，比如说至爱亲朋的死亡。
One proposed solution to this problem is the automated highway system.
★对这个问题提出的一个解决办法就是自动公路系统。
Yesterday is a canceled check; tomorrow is a promissory note; today is the only cash you have.
★昨天是一张作废的支票；明天是一张期票；今天是你拥有的唯一现金。
句型38：过去分词作后位定语
例句：What's the language spoken in that country?
【★】：那个国家讲的是什么语言？
【句型点拨】：本句中的过去分词作后位定语，修饰名词，相当于一个改写后的定语从句。本句中的后位定语还原的话，就是which is spoken。
Is there anything planned for tonight 今晚有什么活动吗？**
They are problems left over by history.
★它们是历史遗留下来的问题。
Suddenly there appeared a young woman dressed in green.
★突然出现了一位穿绿衣服的女子。
This is something unheard in history.
★这是史无前例的事。
In the end the program offered by Wilson was adopted.
★最后威尔逊提出的计划通过了。
The play put on by the teachers was a big success.
★老师们表演的戏获得了巨大的成功。
The experience gained will be of great value to us.
★取得的经验对我们有很大的价值。
The man concerned was her husband.
★有关者就是她的丈夫。
Do you know the number of books ordered？
★ 你知道订购的书有多少本吗？
句型39：过去分词作宾语补足语
例句：Have you ever heard a song sung in Japanese?
【★】：你听过用日语唱的歌吗？
【句型点拨】：过去分词在某些动词后面作宾语补足语，构成复合宾语。此时，句子的宾语是过去分词的逻辑主语。
We'll get her x-rayed.
★我们要给她透视。
Rarely had I seen him so worked-up.
★我很少见他这样激动过。
We all wished the problems settled.
★我们都希望这些问题得到解决。
He felt a great weight taken off his mind.
★他感到心头如释重负。
Keep your mouth shut and your eyes open.
★少说多看。
How would you like your hair cut？
★你喜欢把头发剪成什么样？
He acknowledged himself defeated.
★他承认自己被打败了。
We do consider ourselves justified in doing so.
★我们确认我们这样做是正确的。
We should learn the art of getting things done and the art of leaving things undone.
★我们应该学会有所为，有所不为。
A good managing director makes his face known on the factory floor and in the offices as well as in the boardroom.
★一位好的经理不仅在董事会会议室，而且在工厂车间和办公室也要让大家熟悉他的面孔。
When you work, work; when you play, play. Don't get the two things mixed up.
★该工作就工作，该娱乐就娱乐。不要把两者混淆。
She was glad to see her children well taken care of in the nursery.
★看到孩子们在托儿所受到很好的照顾，她很高兴。
We should keep them informed of what is going on here.
★我们应当让他们知道这儿发生的情况。
He was surprised to find his room thoroughly cleaned and everything arranged in good order.
★他惊奇地发现房间给彻底打扫了，一切都布置得井井有条。
When you talk, you have to at least make yourself understood.
★你说话至少要让别人听懂。
句型40：过去分词作时间状语
例句：Driven into a corner, we were forced to defend ourselves with sticks from the hooligans.
【★】：我们被小流氓们逼得没有退路，只好操起棍子自卫。
【句型点拨】：过去分词（词组）用作时间状语时，相当于一个时间状语从句改写而来。本句的过去分词词组就可以还原为When we were driven into a corner，用作时间状语的过去分词前有时还可保留状语从句连词。
When locked in prison, he mastered English and German.
★坐牢期间，他掌握了英语和德语。
When asked about her career, she told the interviewer she had been a movie star.
★当被问及她的经历时，她告诉面试人，她曾是个电影明星。
Dressed like that, he did look like a foreigner.
★当他那样打扮，确实看起来像个外国人。
Experience, when dearly bought, is seldom thrown away altogether.
★付出极大代价得来的经验，很少会全部扔掉。
This must be kept, till called for.
★把这些东西放到有人来取为止。
People do not know their defects until confronted with failure.
★人们通常直到面临失败时才认识到自己的缺点。
Whenever asked about it, he could hardly hold back his emotions.
★每当有人问及此事，他都无法控制住自己的感情。
When treated with kindness, he was very amiable.
★当被人善待时，他是非常和蔼可亲的。
句型41：过去分词作条件状语
例句：Seen from the hill, the city looks magnificent.
【★】：从山上看这座城市非常壮观。
【句型点拨】：过去分词（词组）作条件状语，相当于一个条件状语从句改写而来。本句中的过去分词词组可以还原为条件状语从句if it is seen from the hill。用作条件状语的过去分词前有时还可保留状语从句连词。
Seen from the hill top, the lake scenery is beyond description.
★如果从山顶上看，湖的美丽景色真是无法形容。
Given good health, I hope to finish the work this year.
★如果身体好，我希望今年完成这项工作。
Cooked in wine, snails are a great luxury in various parts of the world.
★用酒烹调蜗牛，在世界上某些地方是很奢侈的食品。
Considered as a whole, the result is satisfactory.
★总的看来，结果是令人满意的。
If not watered in time, your potted flowers will wither soon.
★如果不及时浇水，你的盆花马上会凋谢的。
Once seen doing an evil deed, you will be cast aside by the people around you.
★一旦有人看见你在做坏事，你就会被周围的人唾弃。
They would never do this unless compelled.
★除非受到强迫，否则他是不会这样做的。
He will come if asked.
★若受到邀请，他会来的。
He startled as if awakened from a dream.
★他吓了一跳，好像从睡梦中惊醒似的。
句型42：过去分词作原因状语
例句：Convinced that they were trying to poison her, she refused to eat anything.
【★】：她认为有人想毒死她，所以拒绝吃任何东西。
【句型点拨】：过去分词（词组）作原因状语，相当于一个原因状语从句改写而来。本句中的过去分词词组可以还原为原因状语从句Because she was convinced that they were trying to poison her.
He soon fell asleep, exhausted by the journey.
★由于旅途劳顿，他不久就睡着了。
Henry, terribly embarrassed, bushed too.
★亨利十分尴尬，脸也红了。
Tom, horrified at what he had done, could at first say nothing.
★汤姆对他做的事感到恐惧，一时说不出话来。
Weakened by successive storms, the bridge was no longer safe.
★连续的暴雨使桥身受损，这座桥已不再安全。
A bit frightened, I handed it to her.
★我略带恐惧地把它交给了她。
Greatly interested, I asked how he played these works.
★ 大感兴趣之下，我问他是如何演奏这些作品的。
Absorbed in the work, he neglected food and sleep.
★他专心致志地工作，到了废寝忘食的地步。
Born in a poor family, Edison had to work when he was a child.
★爱迪生出身贫寒，小时候就不得不工作。
Confined to bed, she needed to be waited on in everything.
★她卧病在床，什么事都需要人伺候。
句型43：过去分词作让步状语
例句：Threatened by shell explosions, Bethune refused to move to a safer place.
【★】：尽管受到炮弹爆炸的威胁，白求恩仍然不肯转移到较安全的地方去。
【句型点拨】：过去分词（词组）作让步状语，相当于一个让步状语从句改写而来。本句中的过去分词词组可以还原为让步状语从句Although he was threatened by shell explosions.
★用作条件状语的过去分词前有时还可保留状语从句连词。
Closed guarded, the president was shot dead.
★警卫虽十分严密，但总统还是被枪杀了。
Made up of many atoms, molecules are still extremely minute.
★虽然分子是由许多原子构成的，但它们仍然非常微小。
Dissolved in water, salt does not change its chemical properties.
★食盐虽然已溶于水，但其化学属性不变。
Though tired, they continued to walk on.
★虽然很疲倦，但他们仍然继续前进。
Though tortured many times by the enemy, he didn't say a word about his comrades.
★尽管敌人多次折磨他，但是有关同志们的情况他一句话都不说。
Though beaten by the opposite team, the players didn't lose confidence and practiced even harder.
★虽然队员们被对手打败了，但是他们并没有丧失信心，反而训练得更努力了。
I went on talking, though continually interrupted by George.
★我继续讲我的，尽管不断被乔治打断。
句型44：过去分词用于独立主格结构
例句：The irrigation channels completed, years of drought around this area will be gone forever.
【★】：灌渠建成后，本地区多年来的旱情将再也不会出现了。
【句型点拨】：过去分词用于独立主格结构中，表示所在句子是一个潜在的被动句。这样构成的独立主格结构，可以表示时间、条件、原因、让步等。有时，可在独立主格结构中的名词前添加介词with或without。
Everything considered, his plan seems better.
★从各方面考虑，他的计划似乎好些。
All things considered, we had to call off the planned trip.
★如果从全面来考虑，我不得不取消原计划好的旅行。
Whatever nonsense printed every day, this newspaper sells just well.
★尽管每天登些污七糟八的东西，这份报纸照样畅销。
I stood still, my whole attention fixed upon the motions of her fingers.
★我站在那儿一动不动，所有的注意力都集中到了她手指的移动上。
Hafid walked slowly to the table, his hands extended.
★哈菲德双手张开，缓慢地走向桌子。
He rushed into the room, his face covered with sweat.
★他满脸是汗地跑了进来。
His leg badly hurt, he had to stay in bed.
★他的腿伤势很重，只好卧床休息。
Her tea finished, she went on with her work.
★喝完了茶，她继续工作。
The composition written , he handed it to the teacher.
★作文写完了，他交给了老师。
You must give me a true account, with nothing added and nothing removed.
★你必须告诉我真实情况，既不夸大，也不缩小。
With both her sons enlisted in the army, she had to do all the household chores herself.
★她两个儿子都参军了，只好自己干家务事。
Without anything left in the cupboard, she went out to get something to eat.
★食橱里没有任何东西，她便出去找点吃的。