第7章 倒装句型
句型83：否定词在句首的倒装
例句：Not only can electricity be made to produce magnetism, but magnetism can be made to produce electricity.
【★】：不仅电可以产生磁，磁也可以产生电。
【句型点拨】：含有否定意义的词放在句首时，一般要用倒装结构。这些词有not, no, never, hardly... (when), seldom, scarcely, not until, not only, neither, nor, in no way, no longer, nowhere, rarely, no more, at no time, in no case, not a word, on no consideration, in vain, no sooner... (than), at no point, by no means, in no sense, on no account, under no circumstances等。有时，这些否定词出现的句子在意义上并不表示否定含义，即形式上否定，意义上肯定的句子。
Not only is the position of the earth changing but the earth itself is undergoing changes.
★不仅地球的位置在不停地变化着，地球本身也在经受着变化。
Plants cannot exist in the absence of oxygen, neither can animals.
★没有氧气植物不能生存，动物也不能生存。
Never will any body move without a force sufficient to overcome the resistance.
★如果没有足以克服阻力的力，任何物体是永远不会运动的。
Never in all my life have I heard such nonsense!
★ 我一生从未听说过这样的废话！
Not until many years later did the whole truth become known.
★直到多年以后，人们才知道全部真相。
Seldom has a devoted teacher been so splendidly rewarded.
★一位忠诚的教师很少得到如此好的报答。
Hardly had he arrived when she started complaining.
★他一到家，她就抱怨起来。
Neither at this meeting nor at the previous did they discuss the proposal.
★在这次和上次会议上，他们都没讨论过这个提议。
Not only did he teach school, but he wrote novels.
★他不但在学校里教书，而且还写小说。
Never was a good job done without great effort.
★没有巨大的努力好工作是完不成的。
Never before has there ever been anybody exactly like you.
★从来也没有任何人和你完全一样。
Never again will I pity or belittle myself.
★我将再也不会怜悯自己或贬低自己。
Never will I do that again.
★我再也不那样做了。
Not once did he talk to me.
★他一次也没有和我说过话。
Not only is it legal, it's very popular.
★这非但合法，而且非常受欢迎。
No longer is he living here.
★他不再住这里了。
Hardly dose he read anything at all.
★他几乎什么书也不看。
Scarcely can you expect him to believe that.
★别指望他会相信那件事。
Little did I think he would take me seriously.
★我根本没想到他会把我当真。
By no means am I satisfied with my present income.
★我对我目前的收入一点也不满意。
On no account should the prisoner be left unguarded.
★这个囚犯决不能没人看守。
In vain did we try to persuade her.
★我们想说服她，但不管用。
Least of all would I want to hurt your feelings.
★我绝没想要伤害你的感情。
句型84：only在句首引出的倒装
例句：Only then did he understand it.
【★】：只有到了那时他才明白。
【句型点拨】：为了加强语气，可以把表示限制意义的only和一个副词、介词短语或从句置于句首，句子使用部分倒装。
Only then could the work be seriously begun.
★只有那时这工作才能真正开始。
Only by shouting was he able to make himself heard.
★他只有大声喊叫才能被人听到。
Only in this way can we learn a foreign language.
★只有这样我们才能学好外语。
Only in solution do such chemical reactions take place.
★这种化学反应只有在溶液中才能发生。
Only through accurate measurement can we understand many of the events of nature.
★只有通过精确测量，我们才能认识自然界的各种现象。
Only by working hard can we reap a bumper harvest.
★只有通过辛勤劳动才能收获丰硕的成果。
Only trough education can you rise in this world.
★只有通过教育才能在这个世界上发展。
Only if you develop good listening skills early will you be able to gather the information you need to succeed.
★只有当早些掌握良好的倾听技能，才能收集到你成功所需的信息。
Only if I get a job will I have enough money to go to school.
★我只有找到了工作才有足够的钱上学。
Only when you have read the book, can you answer these questions.
★只有当你读了这本书后，你才能回答这些问题。
Only as the air bubbled out does the water fill the container.
★只有当空气冒出来时，水才能灌满容器。
Only when a great deal of more information has been obtained, will it be possible to plan a manned trip to Mars.
★只有获得大量资料后，才有可能筹划载人的火星之行。
句型85：频度副词在句首的倒装
例句：Not once has he failed to fulfill his task.
【★】：他没有一次不完成任务的。
【句型点拨】：always, often, many a time, twice等表示频率的副词或副词短语放置句首，部分倒装。
Often did I warn him not to do so.
★我过去经常告诫他不要那样做。
Many a time has David given me advice.
★戴维多次给过我忠告。
Twice has he lied to us.
★他对我们撒过两次谎。
Always will I bathe my days in the golden glow of enthusiasm.
★我将永远让自己的时光沐浴在热情的金色光辉中。
Always will I seek the seed of triumph in every adversity.
★我将永远在每一个逆境中寻找胜利的种子。
Many times have I heard you say that anyone could sell goods if he applied himself to learning the principles of selling.
★很多次我听到您讲到，如果专心学习销售原则，任何人都能推销商品。
Rarely does the temperature go above ninety here.
★这里的温度很少达到90℃。
Seldom have I seen such brutality.
★我很少见过这样残忍的行为。
句型86：neither/nor延续否定中的倒装
例句：I was not delivered into this world into defeat, nor does failure course in my veins.
【★】：我并非为失败而生，失败也没有在我的血管里流淌。
【句型点拨】：否定分句后的另一分句，若以nor或neither开头，该分句使用倒装结构。
My definition of happiness is probably not the same as yours, nor is yours exactly the same as that of other people.
★我对幸福的定义或许与你的不同，你对幸福的定义和别人的也不完全相同。
All the children were apparently miserable, nor were the nurses satisfied with the conditions in the kindergarten.
★显而易见孩子们非常不幸，阿姨们对幼儿园的状况也不满意。
Many students were absent from class, nor did the teacher care about that.
★许多学生不来上课，老师对此也不管。
If you don't agree to our plan, neither will they.
★如果你不同意我们的计划，他们也不会同意。
I can give you no assistance, neither will I offer you any obstacle.
★我不能帮你，也不会妨碍你。
He is not clever, nor is his younger brother.
★他不聪明，他弟弟也不聪明。
Their failure was not final, and neither is yours.
★他们的失败并非决定终身的，你的失败也并非如此。
It is not beauty, nor is it wealth that will give your friends.
★使你得到朋友的，既不是美丽，也不是财富。
句型87：so在句首的倒装
例句：Society has changed and so have the people in it.
【★】：社会变了，人也跟着变了。
【句型点拨】：前一分句为肯定句，后一分句为了避免重复，在句首使用so时，该分句需要使用部分倒装。
God loves you. So do we.
★上帝爱你，我们也爱你。
As long as enthusiasm holds out, so will new opportunities.
★只要热情不减，就会出现新的机会。
I have a particular fondness for pop music. So has Tom.
★我特别喜欢流行音乐，汤姆也喜欢。
They should do most of their farm work before sunrise and so should we.
★他们应该在日出前干完大部分农活，我们也该如此。
He is the only boy in his family and so am I.
★他是家里的独子，我也是。
I would love to travel abroad during the winter vacation and so would Neil.
★这个假期我要出国旅游，内尔也是。
句型88：so或such在句首的倒装
例句：Such was the earthquake that the city was destroyed.
【★】：地震很厉害，整个城市都被毁坏了。
【句型点拨】：从属连词so... that和such... that的so或such位于句首，加强语气时，句子使用部分倒装。
So alike were the twins that few people could tell them apart.
★那对孪生子长的那么像，几乎没有人分得清。
So far away did my mother live that I hardly ever saw her.
★我母亲住得很远，我难得见到她。
So loudly did she shout as to make everyone turn to her.
★她叫得那么大声，人人都回过头来看她。
So excited was I that I could not go to sleep last night.
★昨晚我太激动了，以致于无法入睡。
So small are these particles that the most powerful microscopes cannot detect them.
★这些粒子非常小，以致用最高倍的显微镜也观察不到它们。
So great is the sun's heat that at the moon's equator at daytime, the surface has a temperature of 100℃.
★太阳的热辐射是很强烈的，因而在月球的赤道上，白天月球表面的温度高达100℃。
To such an extent did the temperature rise that the firemen had to leave the burning house.
★温度升得太高，消防员不得不离开这所着火的房子。
Such a good student is he that every teacher likes him.
★他是个非常优秀的学生，每位老师都喜欢他。
句型89：as/that/though引出让步状语从句时的倒装
例句：Hard as they are, diamonds can be carved if you keep on.
【★】：尽管钻石很坚硬，但如果你坚持不懈也可以雕琢。
【句型点拨】：as和that引出让步状语从句时，从句使用部分倒装结构，把表语或部分谓语提前。用though时，句子可倒装也不可倒装。
Small as the ants are, they are capable of gnawing away a high mountain.
★蚂蚁虽小，但大山也能被啃掉。
Light as aluminum is, its strength is great, and it is exceedingly useful in making planes.
★铝虽轻，但强度很高，因而在飞机制造中非常有用。
Power, lodged as it must be in human hands, will ever be liable to abuse.
★由于必须掌握在人的手里，所以权利总是容易被滥用。
Try as you may, you cannot see through opaque things.
★虽然可以去试一试，但你一定看不透不透明的物体。
Try as I would, I couldn't make her change her mind.
★不管我多努力，我都没法让她改变主意。
Search as they would, they could find no one in the woods.
★尽管他们努力寻找，在林子里都找不到一个人。
Child that he is, he can tell right from wrong.
★尽管他是个孩子，却能明辨是非。
Close though the union of hydrogen and oxygen is, scientists have found ways of breaking it.
★尽管氢和氧紧密地化合在一起，但是科学家已经发现了几种分解它们的方法。
Difficult though the task was, they managed to accomplish it in time.
★虽然任务艰难，但他们还是设法如期完成。
Yet light though air is when compared with an equal volume of water, air is surprisingly heavy in large quantities.
★虽然与体积的水比起来空气很轻，但大量的空气却是重得惊人。
Strange though it may seem, the tallest boy is the youngest.
★尽管说来奇怪，然而最高的男孩却是最年少的。
句型90：比较状语从句和方式状语从句中的倒装
例句：He was honest and diligent, as were most of his friends.
【★】：他诚实勤奋，与他多数朋友一样。
【句型点拨】：比较状语从句和方式状语从句中，可以省去主语以外的成分，如果保留be动词或助动词时，也可以使用倒装结构。
He traveled a great deal as did most of his friends.
★他到很多地方旅行过，他多数朋友也是这样。
In winter, the closer to the North Pole, the shorter is the day.
★冬季越靠近北极，白天越短。
Harry is unusually tall, as are his brothers.
★哈利的个头特别高，他的兄弟们也不低。
A child's bone heals more rapidly than does an adult's.
★小孩的骨头比成人的愈合得快。
You must work hard as do most of your classmates.
★你必须像大多数同学一样努力学习。
句型91：虚拟语气中的部分倒装
例句：Had there been no electronic computers, there would have been no artificial satellites or rockets.
【★】：假如没有电子计算机，就不会有人造卫星和火箭了。
【句型点拨】：if引出的虚拟条件句如果有had, should, were等词，可以省略if，将had, should或were提至句首，形成部分倒装。
Were there no plants, it would be impossible for anything to live on the earth.
★如果没有植物，地球上的任何生物都不可能生存下来。
Should another astronaut hang a person in the state of weightlessness on a spring balance in order to weigh him, the pointer would read zero.
★如果另外一个宇航员把失重状态的人挂在弹簧秤上来称他的体重，那么指针的读数为零。
Had the production process not been made an automatic one, the productivity would not have increased so greatly.
★假如生产过程没有实现自动化，生产率就不会这样大幅度地增长。
句型92：here等副词在句首的倒装
例句：Here is a basic rule for winning success.
【★】：这里有赢得成功的一个基本原则。
【句型点拨】：here, there, now, then, hence, away, up, down, off, out等副词出现在句首，动词为be, come, go等时，句子使用倒装结构，将作主语的名词词组放在be, come, go等动词后。如果句子主语是代词，则不倒装。
Here is an example showing that it is more easy to measure space in light-year than in miles.
★这里有一个例子，表明用光年来计量空间比用英里来计算更简易。
Radio waves are the longest, then come radiant heat waves, and then visible light.
★无线电波最长，热辐射波次之，可见光再次之。
Then came the news that their products sell well in the world market.
★然后传来了他们产品在国际市场走俏的消息。
There is a sudden gust of wind and away went his hat.
★突然刮起一阵大风，把他的帽子吹走了。
The door opened and in came an old lady.
★门开了，走进一个老太太。
Now is the time to take action.
★现在采取行动的时候到了。
Down flew the eagle to seize the chicken.
★老鹰飞下来抓小鸡。
Following the roar, out rushed a tiger from the bushes.
★一声吼叫，草丛中呼地冲出一只老虎。
She rang the bell. In came a girl she had never seen before.
★她按门铃，过来了一个她从未见过的姑娘。
句型93：介词词组在句首的倒装
例句：In Fig 3 are shown the paths of selected particles, their position and the wave shape at two different times.
【★】：图3示出了选出的粒子的轨迹、位置和两个不同时间的波形。
【句型点拨】：表示地点方位的介词词组作状语或表语，且位于句首时，句子使用完全倒装结构，将主语置于谓语动词后。
In books are embalmed the greatest thoughts of all ages.
★古今伟大思想均永载于书籍之中。
Out of every crisis comes the chance to be reborn.
★重生的机会来自每一次危机。
With the increase in the number of metals came an increase in the number of their alloys.
★随着金属品种的增加，金属合金的品种也增加了。
Before them lay miles of undulating moorland.
★他们眼前是一片高低起伏的荒原。
After the banquet came a firework display in the garden.
★宴会后花园里燃放了烟火。
On the table stood two glasses and an empty brandy bottle.
★桌上有两个玻璃杯和一只白兰地空酒瓶。
To the list may be added the following names.
★名单上还可以加上以下这些名字。
In the distance could be seen the purple mountains.
★远处可见紫色的群山。
To the north of the town was a little village, where I spend my childhood in happiness.
★在这个小镇的北边有一个小村庄，我在那儿幸福地度过了我的童年。
Near the southern end of the village was a large pear orchard.
★靠近村子南头有一座大梨园。
Around the lake are a huge number of farms.
★湖四周有为数众多的农场。
Among its products are farm machines and mining equipment.
★它的产品中有农业机械和采矿设备。
句型94：主系表结构句子中的倒装
例句：Vital to every worthwhile operation is cooperation.
【★】：对任何有价值的行动而言，合作至关重要。
【句型点拨】：主系表结构句子中，或出于强调，或出于修辞，把表语提前至句首，将主语放在谓语动词后，构成完全倒装。
Important physical properties for distinguishing one gas from another are color, odor, density, and solubility.
★颜色、气味、密度和溶解度是一种气体区别于其他气体的重要物理特性。
The three most important effects of an electric current are heating, magnetic, and chemical effects.
★热效应、磁效应和化学效应是电流的3个最重要的效应。
Sweet are the uses of adversity.
★利用逆境可化苦为甜。
The most bankrupt is the person who has lost his enthusiasm.
★最惨的破产是丧失自己的热情。
Probably the greatest improvement in air transportation has been the jet engine.
★空运的最重大改进大概要算喷气机的出现。
Perhaps even more remarkable than that is radar's ability to "see" in the dark or through heavy clouds.
★也许比这更令人惊奇的是，雷达在黑暗中或透过厚厚的云层具有“看见”目标的能力。
Very important in the farmer's life is the radio weather report.
★农民生活中很重要的一件事就是天气预报。
Next in importance to freedom and justice is popular education, without which neither freedom nor justice can be permanently maintained.
★重要性仅次于自由和正义的是大众教育，没有大众教育自由和正义都不能长久维持。
Happy is the man who has broken the chains which hurt the mind, and has given up worrying once and for all.
★打破思想桎梏并永远不再忧虑的人是幸福的。
Rough is the road that leads to the heights of greatness.
★通往伟大巅峰的道路是坎坷不平的。
句型95：过去分词在句首的倒装
例句：Seated on the ground are a group of young people.
【★】：坐在地上的是一伙年轻人。
【句型点拨】：“主语＋be＋动词过去分词”结构中，可将过去分词移至句首，再将作主语的名词词组放在助动词be之后。
The most widely distributed is the Hui people.
★分布最广的是回族。
Hidden underground is a wealth of gold, silver, lead and zinc.
★地下埋藏着大量的金、银、铅和锌。
Pictured here is a wooden tub used for gathering water-chestnuts.
★这里画的是一个采菱用的木盆。
Scattered like stars in the deep mountains are numerous reservoirs and ponds.
★在深山里有无数星罗棋布的水库和蓄水池。
Ashamed was the young man to admit that he had attacked her physically and verbally.
★年轻人惭愧地承认曾经对她进行过人身和言语攻击。
Frightened were the villagers to see that the river would burst its bank and flood their home.
★村民们看到河水将要漫过坝岸淹没他们的家园，吓坏了。
The old man was telling a story and seated around him were a group of children from the neighbourhood.
★老人在讲故事，围绕他坐着的是邻居的一群孩子。
句型96：现在分词在句首的倒装
例句：Swimming against the current is a boy from the south.
【★】：逆水游泳的男孩来自南方。
【句型点拨】：“主语＋be＋现在去分词”结构中，可将现在分词移至句首，再将作主语的名词词组放在助动词be之后。
Sitting at her desk in deep concentration was my sister Linda.
★坐在书桌前陷入沉思的人是我姐姐琳达。
It was eleven o'clock at night and walking alone in the street was the man who had just had a quarrel with his wife.
★晚上11点了，在大街上独自走着的那个人刚和妻子吵过架。
Lying on the floor was a boy aged about seventeen.
★躺在地板上的是一个17岁的男孩。
Covering much of the earth's surface is a blanket of water.
★地球表面上许多地方都布满了水。
Standing beside the table was an interpreter.
★站在桌旁边的是一位翻译。
Running across it is a stream named Peach Brook.
★穿过这里有条小溪，叫桃花溪。
Watching the performances were mostly foreign tourists.
★观看演出的大多数是一些外国游客。