第16章 替代句型
句型210：替代词one
例句：I confess that my error has been one of ambition and pure ignorance.
【★】：我承认我的错误是由于想入非非和全然无知。
【句型点拨】：为了避免重复和累赘，力求表达简洁，第二次提到前面的人或物时，如果不是特指，可以使用替代词one和ones。此时，被替代的名词为可数名词单数或以可数名词为中心的整个词组。
It's just one of those things.
★这样的事情总是难免的。
I have traced the cause of the trouble. One of the links in the chain that drives the wheels have snapped.
★我找到了故障发生的原因。原来是驱动轮的链条断了一节。
The question of revolution is one of state power.
★革命的问题就是国家政权的问题。
I haven't got any stamps. Could you give me one?
★我没有邮票，你能给我一个吗？
Do you have any books on gardening? I want to borrow one.
★你有园艺方面的书吗？我想借一本。
This book is the one I wanted to have so much.
★这本书是我非常想要的一本。
He is a brilliant man, one who will be successful in whatever career he chooses.
★他是一个有才华的人，一个无论选择什么职业都能取得成功的人。
Which man do you mean? The one in the blue shirt.
★你说的是哪个男人？穿蓝衣服的那一个。
There are two coats. One is Jack's and another is Tom's.
★这儿有两件外衣，一件是杰克的，另一件是汤姆的。
You shouldn't get the two bowls mixed up. The one is Tom's and the other is John's.
★别把这两只碗搞混了，这一只是汤姆的，那一只是约翰的。
The boy who broke the window is the one with curly hair.
★打坏窗户的那个男孩，就是那个卷发的。
I'll take that one, the one with all the chocolate on the top.
★我要那个，就是上面都是巧克力的那个。
"Have you met our American neighbors? " "Are they the ones who moved here recently? "
★“你见到过我们的美国邻居吗？” “是最近搬到这儿来的那些人吗？”
The students in this class have to work harder than the ones in Mr Lee's class.
★这个班的学生必须比李先生班的学生更努力地学习。
The students who do best in the examinations are not always the ones with the best brains.
★在考试中取得最好成绩的并非都是最聪明的学生。
The house built of brick is more durable than the one over there made of wood.
★砖瓦房比木头房子结实得多。
The dialect spoken in our town is easier to understand than the one spoken in his native place.
★我们这里的方言比他们家乡的好懂。
Which shoes do you want? The ones in the window.
★你想要哪双鞋？橱窗里的那双。
Which boys rang the doorbell? The ones in the street.
★是哪些孩子按的门铃？是街上的那几个。
句型211：替代词one前的修饰语
例句：My cheap camera takes better pictures than his expensive one.
【★】：我那架便宜的相机拍摄的照片比他那架昂贵相机拍摄的照片还要好。
【句型点拨】：替代词one，ones前可以使用形容词，而且在这个形容词前还可是使用限定词。
The legislative power is exercised by two Houses, an Upper one and a Lower one.
★立法权是由两院行使的，上议院和下议院。
At home in the United States his responses would have been normal ones.
★在美国他的家乡，他的这些反应是正常的。
Studious children are more likely to succeed than lazy ones.
★好学的孩子比懒惰的孩子更有可能获得成功。
About two million compounds are known and new ones are made every day in laboratories.
★人们已经知道大约200万种化合物，并且在实验室中每天都在造新的化合物。
There are only hard chocolates left; we've eaten all the soft ones.
★只剩下硬的巧克力糖了，我们把软的都吃光了。
The representative's stay in that country was not a happy one.
★代表在那个国家过得不快活。
Which ones do you want? The cheapest ones.
★你想要哪些？最便宜的。
There are, of course, bad architects as well as good ones.
★当然，建筑师是有好有坏的。
There was one long writing table and two small ones.
★有一个长写字台和两个小写字台。
He is always the last one home.
★他总是最后一个到家的。
The second one is bigger.
★第二个更大一些。
They would always rather do noble deeds than useful ones.
★他们总是做表面文章。
Great trees keep down the little ones. / The great thieves punish the little ones.
★大鱼吃小鱼，小鱼吃虾米。（谚语）
Strong animals prey upon weaker ones.
★弱肉强食。
Little mistakes lead to big ones。
★一失足成千古恨。
句型212：替代词those
例句：More and more home-made materials are used in industry instead of those from abroad.
【★】：工业中越来越多地使用国产材料代替进口材料。
【句型点拨】：that替代不可数名词短语或单数可数名词，仅指事物，不能指人，在比较状语从句中我们可以更多地使用它；those替代复数可数名词（包括and连结的并列结构），既可指人，也可指事物。that和those前一般没有限定词，但是，它们后面往往有修饰语。
It was not as simple as that.
★故事并非如此简单。
It is beyond your power to do that on the sunny side of thirty.
★即使是在30岁上下的壮年时期，过于操劳也绝对是在人能力所及的范围之外。
None is as blind as those who won't see.
★最瞎者莫如视而不见。
None is as deaf as those that won't hear.
★置若罔闻／充耳不闻。
The books here are not so well written as those on the shelf.
★这些书没有书架上的那些写得好。
In addition to these natural colors there are those made by man.
★除了这些天然色以外，还有人造色。
The TV sets made in Beijing are as good as those made in Nan jing.
★北京生产的电视机和南京生产的一样好。
The forces acting on the moon are the same as those acting on other heavenly bodies.
★作用于月球的力与作用于其他天体的力是同一类型的。
The pictures I meant are those there.
★我所说的图片就是在那儿的那些。
She learned those from her hard-working and religious mother.
★那些都是她从她那勤劳严谨的母亲那里学的。
The staff in our university is twice as many as those in that university.
★我们学校的教职员工比那个学校的多一倍。
句型213：替代词that
例句：If heat flows away from a body, we say that its temperature is above that of the surroundings.
【★】：如果一个物体散发出热量，我们就说该物体的温度高于周围环境的温度。
【句型点拨】：由于that和those往往可以代替“the＋名词”结构，因此，使用that和those时，它们后面往往有修饰语。
The weight of the neutron is about the same as that of a proton, but it has no electrical charge.
★中子的重量与质子大致相同，但中子不带电荷。
We have only to think a moment to understand that the work of a completely uneducated farmer is as important as that of a professor.
★我们无需多想就能懂得一个目不识丁的农夫的工作同一位教授的工作同样重要。
Its quality is beyond that of others.
★它的质量比其他的好。
No loss is as great as that of youth.
★青春的损失是最大的损失。
His style distantly resembles that of Shakespeare.
★他的文风与莎士比亚的略微有些相似。
She disengaged her hand from that of the child.
★她把手从孩子的手里抽出来。
Our iron output will be 3.7 times that of 1980.
★我们的钢铁产量将是1980年的3.7倍。
No law can be sacred to me but that of my nature.
★在我看来，除了自然法则之外，没有任何法则是神圣的。
The environmental problems of the next decade may prove more challenging than those of 10 years ago.
★下一个10年的环境问题可能要比前10年更有挑战性。
They compared his life with those of the intellectual.
★他们将他的生活与那些有知识的人相比。
Disease of soul is more dangerous than those of the body.
★心灵上的疾病比肉体上的更危险。
Our products compare favorably with those of other suppliers.
★我们的产品比其他供应商的更好。
His children are well bred, whereas those of his sister are naughty.
★他的孩子很有教养，但他姐姐的孩子却很调皮。
The interests of farmers need to be squared with those of consumers.
★农民的利益应该与消费者的利益结合起来。
The film suddenly jumped from the events of 1940 to those of 2000.
★那电影情节从1940年的事突然跳到2000年。
句型214：替代词do
例句：Richard suggested I keep all my friends' addresses on my computer, as he does his.
【★】：理查德建议我像他那样将朋友的地址全保留在计算机上。
【句型点拨】：若从句或第二个分句中的动词与前面的主动词相同，我们可以使用动词替代词do。若被替代的动词为及物动词，其后应该有相应的宾语。
Mary studies modern history and doesn't do ancient history.
★玛丽学现代历史，不学古代历史。
Sue plays the piano better than Jack does the guitar.
★苏弹钢琴比杰克弹吉他弹得好。
John speaks French as fluently as he does German.
★约翰说法语和说德语一样流利。
The production increases as it has done for the last few years.
★产量像过去几年一样在增加。
Mary has never acted as she should have done.
★玛丽从不以真面目示人。
"Yes, I think you'd better leave off." said the Jones, and Alice was only too glad to do so.
★“是的，我认为你最好停下来。”琼斯说，可是爱丽丝就是太高兴了停不下来。
Nelson hoped that they would all do their duty to the country as Englishmen should do theirs.
★尼尔森希望他们像英国人那样对祖国尽职尽责。
Beauties live and die as flowers do now.
★美人的生与死就像花儿的开与谢一样。
If they don't support the plan, neither do I.
★如果他们不支持那个计划，我也不支持。
He did not do his homework yesterday evening, neither did I.
★昨晚他没做家庭作业，我也没做。
Ann thinks there's something wrong with Bill and so do I.
★安觉得比尔身体有些毛病，我也一样。
I like an element of humor in his manner of speech, either does Jone.
★我喜欢他讲话中带有幽默的语气，琼也喜欢。
句型215：不定式符号代替不定式
例句：I asked him to lend me the dictionary, but he refused to.
【★】：我要他借字典给我，但他拒绝了。
【句型点拨】：动词refuse, want, seem, intend, mean, expect, hope, like, be afraid, prefer, oblige, forget, wish, try等与不定式符号to连用时，可以用不定式符号代替前面出现过的不定式。
These countries have to reduce their consumption, but they refused to.
★这些国家必须降低他们的消费，但他们拒绝这样做。
He didn't want to leave after such an unpleasant argument, but he was obliged to.
★在这样一个不愉快的争论以后，他不想离开，但又不得不离开。
You may go if you wish to.
★如果你愿意，你可以去。
His wife asked him to mail the letter, but he forgot to.
★他妻子叫他寄信，但他忘记了。
A member of veterans retired and some were ready to.
★很多老队员已经退役，有些也准备退了。
Are you coming swimming? You don't have to if you don't want to.
★你打算去游泳吗？如果你不想去，那就不用去了。
As always on such occasions he'd wanted to apologize but had found, when it came to it, that he was too frightened to.
★在这种场合下往往是这样，他想道歉，但事到临头却又感到自己吓得不敢开口。
"Did he sleep? " "He began to, so we'd better keep silent."
★ “他睡了吗？”“要睡了，所以我们最好小声点。”
"Do you intend to tell him what happened tonight? " "I hadn't meant to."
★“你打算把今晚发生的事情告诉他吗？”“我并不想告诉他。”
I saw him riding his bicycle in the park, and I told him not to.
★我看到他在公园里骑自行车，叫他别这样。
You can't prevent me from going to New York if I make up mind to.
★如果我打定主意要去纽约的话，你是阻止不了我的。
"Why don't you resident in this hotel? " "I'd love to."
★“你为什么不住这旅馆呢？”“我倒是希望住呢。”
句型216：替代词so
例句：Many people believe that there will be another world war before the end of the century. My father thinks so, but I believe not.
【★】：许多人相信在21世纪末之前会发生另一次世界大战。我父亲这样认为，但我不相信。
【句型点拨】：动词appear, believe, expect, fancy, fear, gather, guess, hope, imagine, presume, reckon, seem, suppose, suspect, think, trust等主要表示看法或假设，它们与so和not连用时，so和not替代上文that从句。
I know he's going to be graduated this summer because he told me so.
★我知道今年夏天他要毕业，因为他这样告诉过我。
Many people reckoned Theodore Roosevelt a progressive in spite of his basically conservative approach to politics, but she did not reckon so.
★许多人认为尽管西奥多·罗斯福在政治上基本持保守态度，仍应被看成激进派，但她不这样认为。
"Didn't the murderer reckon on the policemen's finding the gun? " "I believe so."
★“杀人犯没料到警察会发现那支枪吗？”“我看是的。”
He has given up more than he has gained. At least it seems so.
★他付出得多，得到的少，至少看起来似乎是这样的。
She thought she could share their convictions, their pastimes and their ennui, and he hoped so.
★她以为能够和他们分享共同的信念、共同的乐趣和共同的苦闷，他也希望能这样。
She felt herself a somewhat quiet and serious, yet fair nymph, she fancied so as usual.
★她像往常那样胡思乱想着，觉得自己是一个文静、一本正经而又美丽的山林女神。
I had presumed that everything was fine because it appeared so.
★我猜想一切情况都很好，因为事情显示是这样的。
It is known that success rarely comes as the result of a moment of grand inspiration. He believes so.
★众所周知凭一时冲动做出来的事其结果很少会成功，他坚信这一点。
"No sun, no rain. It seems not to be perfect for the tender little grapes." "I fear not."
★ “没有阳光，没有雨水，似乎对纤弱的小葡萄不利。”“恐怕是这样的。”
"Do you think he could lend me his new bike? " "I'm afraid not."
★“你觉得他会把他的新自行车借给我吗？”“恐怕不会。”
"It seems that she'll pass the examination." "I'm afraid not."
★“好像她能通过考试。”“恐怕不行。”
I consider it is presumptuous to talk about the problem of economic development at present, but others think not.
★我想现在谈及经济发展问题是自以为是，可他们不这样认为。
I think that she has struck him as rather presumptuous—it was a part of her charm. My wife guests not.
★我想他把她的高傲当作她的一部分魅力所在，我太太却不这样认为。
There was no remedy for her ill—not even time—no remedy but death. She still imagined not.
★没有任何东西能治好她的病，连时间也不能——除了死亡，但她不这样认为。
句型217：替代词not
例句："Are your parents going with you? " "Perhaps not."
【★】：“你父母和你一起去吗？” “可能不去。”
【句型点拨】：副词not可以直接与perhaps, possibly, probably, certainly, surely等表示情态的副词搭配使用，替代从句。
"Will Mary come to New York this summer" "Possibly not." ★“玛丽今年夏天来纽约吗？”“可能不会。”
"Were the most sweeping assaults in the end turned back? " "Possibly not."
★ “全面的攻击最终能被挡回去吗？”“可能不能。”
"Will you waste your time and money on that? " "Certainly not."
★“你会在这件事上浪费你的时间和金钱吗？”“当然不会。”
"Would there be a sharp fighting? " "Certainly not."
★ “会有一场激战吗？”“当然不会。”
"Did the prize of the house tempt him? " "Certainly not."
★“这家的财产对他能产生诱惑吗？”“肯定不会。”
"Did you wash it in hot water? " "Of course not."
★“你是不是用热水把它洗了？”“当然没有。”
"Is Chinese Yellow breed one of the earliest products of this cross" "Perhaps not." ★“中国黄牛是最早的这种杂交后代之一吗？”“可能不是。”
"Does that mean a total period of 100 years in which interstellar communication would be possible" "Perhaps not." ★“这意味着星际通信在100年内可能实现吗？”“可能不是。”
"Are freedom, self-determination, and moral choice real in such a world" "Surely not." ★“在这样一个世界里，自由、自我决定和道德选择都是真实的吗？”“肯定不是。”
"Had they fashioned for themselves or their children so sure a foundation as was hers" "Surely not." ★“他们有没有为自己和后代创造一个像她那样坚实的基础呢？”“肯定没有。”
"Was he the man who had relentlessly, patiently, and against all probability prepared the October War" "Obviously not." ★“他是一个坚忍不拔地，耐心地，甘冒一切风险为十月战争作好准备的人吗？”“显然不是。”
"Would the fair widow accept his offer" "Obviously not." ★“那位标致的寡妇会接受他的求婚吗？”“显然不会。”
"Does he know why this universal law prevails" "Probably not." ★“他知道这个普遍规律为什么存在吗？”“可能不知道。”
"Was the guilty president suppressing the catastroplic news" "Probably not." ★“应该承担罪责的总统把这个灾难性的消息压下来了吗？”“可能没有。”
Felix reckoned that all young girls would choose romance first, but actually not.
★菲利克斯认为所有的年轻姑娘都会首先选择爱情，但事实上他错了。
句型218：替代结构if so和if not
例句：We are told that he will come tonight, and if so, our meeting will be held tomorrow. If not, there won't be any meeting tomorrow.
【★】：我们被告知他今晚来，如果来，我们就明天开会；如果不来，就不开。
【句型点拨】：so和not可与if连用，替代if后面的从句部分，构成无动词分句，so代表从句是肯定的，not代表从句是否定的。
Will that be enough If so, do not ask for more.
★够了吗？要是够了，就别再多要了。
The rumor may be true. If so, he will be indicted for treason.
★谣言可能是真的，如果是真的，他会被指控犯叛国罪。
You should have listened to me. If so, you wouldn't be in such trouble now.
★你早应该听我的话，要是听了，现在就不至于有这些麻烦了。
If so we shall have a wave function that satisfies our new postulate.
★如果事实确实如此，我们就得到了一个满足新假设的波函数。
I hope we meet again on earth. If not, then in heaven.
★我希望我们今生能重逢，如果不能，就来世吧。
It can be used in collision problems to provide the solution. If not, they should be provided by an energy relation.
★它可以用来解决碰撞问题，不然这些问题就要用能量关系式来解决。
Everyone seemed to think he was guilty. If not, he would not have offered to resign.
★似乎大家都认为他是有罪的，否则，他也不会提出辞职。
He should defend the suit. If not, it might make some unpleasant talk.
★他应该提出反诉，要不然的话，会引起一些令人不快的议论。
We'll have the party in the garden if the weather is good. If not, it'll have to be inside.
★天气好的话，我们在花园里聚会。要是不好，那就得在室内。
The marrow must be a close genetic match to your own. If not, it will lash out at you and kill you.
★骨髓的基因类型必须与你自己的相匹配。不然的话，移植的骨髓就会向你发起进攻，甚至置你于死地。