第5章 强调句型
句型57：It is... that...对句子状语的强调
例句：It was in an internet bar that the parents found their son who had been away from home for a week.
【★】：正是在一家网吧里，父母找到了离家出走已经一个星期的儿子。
【句型点拨】：本句型的基本结构是“It is (was)＋被强调的状语＋that＋句子其他部分”。这一句型用来强调句子中的状语。这里的状语可以是单词、词组或句子。单词一般为副词，如then, now, here, there等；词组一般为介词短语以及表示时间的名词短语，如in an internet bar, at an evening party, yesterday evening, last summer等；句子一般为各种状语从句，如because..., (not) until..., (only) when... where...等，但是不包括though, although, whereas等引导的让步状语从句，以及since, as引导的原因状语从句。
It is from the sun that we get light and heat.
★我们是从太阳那里获取光与热的。
It is here that the hen always lays her eggs.
★这只母鸡总是把蛋下在这里。
It is in front of the religious leader that the bride and groom stand together to be married.
★新郎、新娘通常就是一起站在宗教头领面前举行结婚的。
It is only when one is ill that one realizes the value of health.
★人们只有生病了才知道健康的价值。
It was after the war was over that Einstein was able to come back to his research work again.
★只有在战争结束之后，爱因斯坦才能够再次做他的研究工作。
It was at an evening party that I first saw her.
★我是在一次晚会上第一次见到她的。
It was because (不用since, as) the water had risen that they could not across the river.
★正是由于水涨了，他们没法过河。
It was last summer that I graduated from the university.
★我是在去年夏天大学毕业的。
It was more in sorrow than in anger that he criticized his former colleague.
★他批评以前的同事，并非出于气愤而是为他伤心。
It was not until I had read your letter that I understood the true state of affairs.
★直到看了你的信我才了解事态真相。
It was not until I met you that I knew real happiness.
★直到我遇到你以后，我才真正体会到幸福。
It was then that he realized that he had misunderstood her.
★就在那时，他认识到自己误会她了。
It was three years ago that he went to America for a further study.
★他去美国留学深造是3年前的事了。
It was totally by chance that they discovered the entrance to the underground palace.
★完全出于偶然，他们发现了这座地下宫殿的入口。
It was when she was about to go to bed that the telephone rang.
★正当她要睡觉时，电话铃响了。
It is on the surgical treatment of the disease that Western health-care systems are spending huge sums of money.
★西方国家医疗保健机构就是在这个病的手术治疗上付出了巨大的开支。
It is through competition that children can learn the meaning of courage.
★正是通过竞争，孩子才能够懂得勇气的意义。
句型58：It is... that...对句子主语、宾语或补足语的强调
例句：It is you that are to blame.
【★】：该受责备的人就是你。
【句型点拨】：本句型的基本结构是“It is (was)＋被强调的主语／宾语／宾语补足语＋that＋句子其他部分”。这一句型用来强调句子中的主语、宾语或宾语补足语。主语和宾语可以是代词、名词、名词短语、或名词从句。宾语补足语则主要是名词、名词短语或形容词。如果强调的主语是人，句子中的that可以由who来代替。使用这一句型时，值得注意的是即使被强调的部分是复数，It后面始终用单数形式。
It is I that am (is) to go in her place.
★代她去的是我。
It is not who is right but what is right that is of importance.
★重要的不是谁是对的，而是什么才是对的。
It is red that he has painted the door.
★他把门漆成了红色。
It is the protection for the trees that really matters, rather than how many trees are planted.
★真正重要的在于对树木的保护，而不在于种了多少树。
It is the uses to which television is put that determine its value to society.
★电视的具体应用决定了它对社会的价值。
It is this novel that they talked about last week.
★他们上周讨论的就是这部小说。
It is what you do rather than what you say that matters.
★重要的是看你怎么做，而不是看你怎么说。
It was Ann Peters' husband that (who) rushed her to a nearby hospital last night.
★昨晚，正是安妮·彼德的丈夫，立即送她去了附近医院。
It was chairman of the committee that we elected her.
★我们选举她担任的职务是委员会主席。
It was his nervousness in the interview that probably lost him the job.
★可能正是他面试太紧张，使他失去了这份工作。
It was how the young man had learned five foreign languages that attracted the audience's interest.
★引起住观众们的兴趣的是这位年轻人怎样就学会了5门外语。
It was lack of money, not of effort, that defeated their plan.
★导致计划失败的不是努力不够而是资金缺乏。
It is huge sums of money that western health-care systems are spending on the surgical treatment of the disease.
★西方国家医疗保健机构在这一疾病的手术治疗上，开支确实是巨大的。
It was my telephone number that Miss White happened to know.
★怀特小姐碰巧知道的就是我的电话号码。
句型59：It is... that...句式的一般疑问句
例句：Was it while watching the football game that they kept shouting at the top of their voices?
【★】：是在看足球比赛那会儿，他们扯大嗓门不停叫喊的吗？
【句型点拨】：本句型的基本结构是“Is (Was) it＋被强调的部分＋that＋句子其他部分”。这一句型是英语经典强调句型“It is (was)... that...”的一般疑问句。
Is it not until one has seen it with his own eyes that he will believe such a thing？
★ 是不是只有等人们亲眼看到这样的事才会相信呢？
Is it stability that destroys people's ambition and barricades people's steps ？
★真的是稳定消磨了人们的抱负，阻碍了他们前进的脚步吗？
Was it a famous brand watch that Wang Yan lost yesterday？
★王燕昨天丢失的是一块名牌手表吗？
Was it her that you were talking about？
★你们是在谈论她吗？
Was it in a marketplace that you caught a thief yesterday？
★昨天你是在市场上逮住一个小偷的吗？
Was it last year that you got the scholarship？
★你是在去年获得了奖学金吗？
Was it only when she reread his poems recently that she began to appreciate their beauty？
★她是否是在再次读到他的诗歌时才开始欣赏到它们的美呢？
Was it three years ago that he went to America for a further study？
★他是3年前去美国留学深造的吗？
Was it you that I saw last night at the concert ？
★昨晚在音乐会上我见到的是你吗？
句型60：It is... that...出现在特殊疑问句中
例句：When was it that you found him dead in his bed?
【★】：你是在什么时候发现他死在床上了？
【句型点拨】：本句型的基本结构是“对被强调的内容进行提问的特殊疑问词＋is (was) it＋ that＋句子其他部分”。这一句型是强调句出现在疑问句中。类似用法的疑问词还有what, how, where等。值得一提的是“It is (was)... that...”句型不强调谓语、定语，也不强调表语，如果疑问词“how”出现在这样的强调句中时，是指方式，而不是状态。
Where was it that you saw the man？
★你是在哪儿看到了那个人的？
Who was it that you want to see ？
★你想见的人是谁？
How is it that your answer differs from his？
★ 你的答案跟他的答案怎么个不同？
What is it that you want me to say？
★ 你想让我说的是什么？
Who was it that caught a thief yesterday in a marketplace？
★ 是谁昨天在市场上逮住一个小偷？
Whom was it that you caught yesterday in a marketplace？
★ 你昨天在市场上逮住的是谁？
When was it that you caught a thief in a marketplace？
★ 你什么时候在市场上逮住了一个小偷？
Where was it that you caught a thief yesterday？
★ 昨天，你是在哪儿逮住一个小偷？
How was it that Tom finished his work with so many people singing around him？
★ 汤姆怎么做到在有这么多人在他周围唱歌的情况下完成了自己的工作？
Why is it that John can't find what he is looking for？
★ 是什么原因使得约翰不能找到他所苦苦寻找的东西？
Why is it that you want to change your idea？
★ 是什么原因使你想要改变想法？
句型61：习语中的“It is＋名词词组＋that...”句式
例句：It is a bold mouse that nestles in a cat's ear.
【★】：再大胆的老鼠也不敢在猫儿朵里做窝。
【句型点拨】：本句型的基本结构是“It is (was)＋a＋描绘性形容词＋单数可数名词＋that＋句子其他部分”。这一句型借助于形容词提出让步条件，that后的谓语动词用肯定时，表示“再怎么样的……也不会／能／敢……”，相反，that后的谓语动词用否定时，则表示“再怎么样的……也会／能／敢……”。这样的句子基本都是习语。
It is a wise man that never makes mistakes.
★再聪明的人也会犯错误。
It is a long lane that had no turning.
★无论多长的巷也有转弯的地方。
It is an ill wind that blows nobody good.
★无论怎样的恶风，也不会吹得人人不舒服。（没有使人人受害的坏事。）
It is a small flock that has not a black sheep.
★再小的马群也会有害群之马。
It's a good workman that never blunders.
★再好的工匠也有出错的时候。
It's a good horse that never stumbles.
★没有永不失蹄的马。
It's an ill bird that fouls its own nest.
★再坏的鸟也不会弄脏自己的巢。（喻：家丑不外扬。）
句型62：情态动词用于It is... that...句式
例句：It must be our grandfather that sent us this present.
【★】：肯定是祖父给我们寄来了这件礼物。
【句型点拨】：本句型是在强调句型“It is (was)... that...”的be动词前用了表推测的情态动词must。这类情态动词还有might, may, can, could。must用于肯定句，表示“肯定，一定”；may/might用于肯定句，表示“可能，大概”，can/could用于疑问句表示“可能，大概”；如要表示“不可能，肯定不是”，则使用can't, couldn't。
It must have been his father that you saw just now.
★你刚刚看到的肯定是他父亲。
It might be his father that he's thinking of.
★他现在所想到的可能就是他父亲。
How can it be that he didn't pass the exams？
★ 他考试怎么可能没有通过呢？
It might have been yesterday that John bought a book for Mary.
★也许就是昨天约翰给玛丽买了一本书。
Can it have been the bus driver who set fire on the bus？
★ 放火烧车的人会是这位公交车司机吗？
It may be what the teacher believes in the students that motivates the students most.
★最能激励学生的也许正是老师在学生身上所相信的东西。
句型63：介词词组表示的强调含义
例句：What on earth are you doing here?
【★】：你究竟在这里做什么？
【句型点拨】：该类强调句型主要是通过包含一个起强调作用的介词词组来加强语气，实现对谓语的强调，往往出现在疑问句或否定句中。在疑问句中表示“究竟”，在否定句中表示“全然，一点也不”。其他类似用法的短语词组还有under the sun, in the world, in heaven, in hell, in every way, by all mean等。
Where under the sun did you put the book？
★ 你到底把书放哪儿了？
She had not a penny in the world.
★她身无分文。
Why on earth can't you wait till tomorrow morning？
★ 你到底为什么不能等到明儿早上？
His behavior was in every way perfect.
★他的举止确实无可挑剔。
Nobody under the sun would forgive him.
★确实不会有人原谅他。
What in hell is he doing？
★ 他究竟在干什么？
By all means take your son with you.
★你一定要把儿子带来。
句型64：名词词组表示的强调含义
例句：Where the devil did she go?
【★】：他妈的她到底去哪里了？
【句型点拨】：该强调句型主要是通过包含一个具有较强负面情感意义的词语来加强语气，实现对谓语的强调。这些词语用于“what”，“who”，“where”等引导的疑问句，表示“究竟”，“到底”之意，但是显得粗俗。除the devil，还有the hell, the deuce, the blazes, the (a) plague, the dickens, the mischief。
Who the dickens is she？
★ 她到底是谁？
What the deuce is the matter？
★ 究竟是怎么回事？
What the blazes is he？
★ 他到底是干什么的？
When the plague will you pay me？
★ 你他妈的到底什么时候还我钱？
What a plague does he want to do？
★ 他妈的他到底想干什么？
句型65：借助于助动词do表示的强调
例句：We are relieved to know that the parents did find their missing son.
【★】：获悉这对父母确实找到了他们失散的儿子，我们甚感宽慰。
【句型点拨】：该强调句型是在句子谓语动词前加一个助动词do/does/did，而谓语核心动词改为其基本形式。添加的助动词强调谓语动词，意为“务必，一定或确实”。这一强调作用的助动词前面还可以加never，表示“决不会，从没有”之意。
She did send you a letter last week.
★她上周确实给你寄过一封信。
Please do take care of yourself.
★千万保重。
You are quite wrong—she does like you.
★你大错特错了，她的的确确喜欢你。
I newer did like her, you know.
★我从来没有喜欢过她，你是知道的。
I do believe that he is an honest man.
★我的确相信他是老实人。
They did go to see you yesterday, but failed to meet you.
★他们昨天的确去看过你，但没见到你。
She does like literature.
★她确实喜欢文学。
Jessie Owens said he would try his best to compete in the big ten championship. He did try event by event.
★杰西·欧文斯说他会尽自己最大的努力在十项全能竞标赛上进行竞争，结果他的确一项一项地比下来了。
The baby is generally healthy, but every now and then she does catch a cold.
★那孩子的健康状况尚好，但就是偶尔患感冒。
Do be quiet. I told you I had a headache.
★务必安静，我告诉过你，我头疼。
Do write to me when you get there.
★你到那儿后务必给我来信。
Do be careful when you cross the street.
★过马路时，千万要小心啊！
句型66：What从句＋is＋被强调部分
例句：What Mary does every day is (to) give piano lessons.
【★】：玛丽每天所做之事就是上上钢琴课。
【句型点拨】：该强调句型的基本结构是“what引导的主语从句＋be＋被进行强调的部分”。被强调的往往是听话人不知道或者不注意的某一事情。该句型中，be动词后如果是不定式动词短语，那么to可以省略。
After Yang Liwei succeeded in circling the earth, what our astronauts desire to do is (to) walk in space.
★杨利伟成功绕地球飞行后，其他宇航员想做的就是在太空中步行。
What hurt is my left leg.
★疼痛的是我的左腿。
What I want is a large-sized canvas bag.
★我想要一个大号帆布包。
What I'm afraid is their embarrassing you.
★我所害怕的是他们会为难你。
What makes life dreary is the want of motive.
★令生活单调乏味的是缺乏目标。
What they are searching for is safer ways of making atomic power.
★他们正在探索的是获得原子能的较为安全的方法。
What's important is that one strives to achieve a goal.
★重要的是为达到目标而努力。
句型67：双重否定表示强调
例句：No machine ever runs without some friction.
【★】：从来没有一台机器运转时没有摩擦。
【句型点拨】：双重否定用来表示肯定，其语气通常比肯定句的语气重。
You can't make something out of nothing.
★巧妇难为无米之炊。
There is nothing so difficult but it becomes easy by practice.
★无论多么困难的事，只要实践便会变得容易。
He doesn't lend book to nobody.
★他的书谁都可以借。
At the beginning of learning English, you can not speak without making mistakes.
★开始学英语时讲英语不可能不犯错误。
It is not impossible to master a foreign language within a short period of time if you use a good study method.
★如果你的学习方法正确，那么在短时间内掌握一门外语并不是不可能的。