第19章　目的句型

句型239：so that引出的目的状语从句

例句：I'll ring him up at once so that he shouldn't wait for me.

【★】：我马上给他打电话，让他别等我了。

【句型点拨】：so that引导的目的状语从句总是放在主句之后，常伴有can, could, may, might或should, would等情态动词。so that从句中可省略so或that。

The public needs to have a basic understanding of science so that it can make informed decisions.
★公众需要对科学有一个基本的了解，从而可以做出明达的决定。

Study hard so that you can pass the entrance examination.
★努力学习，以便能顺利通过入学考试。

I am going to the lecture early so that I may get a good seat.
★我要早些去听课，这样就可能得到一个好位置。

When I was a child, I would take a flashlight to bed with me so that I could read comic books without my parents' knowing about it.
★我小时候上床睡觉时会带一个手电筒，这样，我父母就不知道我看漫画书了。

Ships carry lifeboats so that the crew can escape if the ship sinks.
★船上都有救生艇，这样，船沉没时人员就可以借此逃生。

I am saving money so that I can buy a house.
★为了买房子，我在攒钱。

I'll run slowly so that you can catch up with me.
★我会慢慢跑，这样你就能赶上我。

Scientists present their ideas so that they can be checked by others.
★科学家们把他们的见解提出来，以便得到别人的验证。

I opened the window so that fresh air might come in.
★我把窗户打开以便新鲜空气可以进来。

Let us spend a few moments in silence so that we remember those who died to preserve our freedom.
★让我们默哀片刻，以缅怀那些为维护我们的自由而牺牲了的人们。

A scientist constantly takes notes so that he may always know what he did a minute ago.
★科学家经常做笔记，以便他总是能够知道他一分钟前所做过的事。

The patient should be X-rayed so that the diagnosis may be confirmed.
★为了确诊，病人必须进行X射线透视。

So that you can wear tomorrow, I'll wash this shirt.
★我来把这件衬衫洗了，你明天好穿。

So that he could prepare his grand surprise for the party, John shut everybody out of the kitchen.
★为了给聚会一个意外的惊喜，约翰把所有人关在厨房外面。

So that we might see the sunrise, we started for the peak early.
★为了能看到日出，我们一早就向山峰出发。

Man does not live that he may eat, but eats that he may live.
★人活着不是为了吃，但吃是为了生存。

The Englishman took medicine on time that he might get well again.
★为了早日康复，这个英国人按时吃药。

The parts must be very strong that they may not break in use.
★零件必须非常坚固，以便使用时不会破损。

She said she wanted tea ready at six so she could be out by eight.
★她说她希望在6点时下午茶准备好，以便她8点能出去。

Check carefully, so any mistake could be caught.
★仔细检查，以便找出所有的错误。

I'll give him a map so he won't get lost.
★我会给他一张地图免得他迷路。

句型240：in order that引出的目的状语从句

例句：The teacher raised his voice in order that the students in the back could hear more clearly.

【★】：老师提高了嗓门，以便坐在后面的学生听得更清楚一些。

【句型点拨】：in order that的意思是“为了，使……”比that, so that更明确地表示“目的”，从句中谓语常用情态动词may, might, should；从句一般置于主句之后，但为了强调，也可置于句首。

He worked night and day in order that he could succeed.
★为了成功，他没日没夜地工作。

I lent him $500 in order that he might go for a holiday.
★我借给他500美元，让他去度假。

I locked the door in order that we might continue our discussion undisturbed.
★我把门锁上，以便我们能不受干扰继续讨论。

Let's take the front seats in order that we may see more clearly.
★我们坐到前排去，这样就可以看得更清楚了。

Men are born with two eyes but with one tongue in order that they should see twice as much as they say.
★人生来有两只眼睛，但只有一个舌头，为的是看两个说一个。

The emperor gave the cheats some gold in order that they might begin their work at once.
★皇帝给骗子一些金子，这样他们就可以马上开始工作了。

We sent the letter by air mail in order that it might reach them in good time.
★为了准时到达，我们用航空邮件寄去这封信。

We shall let you know the details soon in order that you can make your arrangements.
★不久我们将会让你知道详情，以便你能够做出安排。

In order that the others can appreciate the poem well, you ought to read it aloud.
★为了让其他人很好地欣赏诗歌，你应大声朗读。

In order that we can push a satellite into orbit, a very big push is needed.
★为了把卫星送入轨道，需要有一个巨大的推力。

In order that we wouldn't soil the soft white mats, we took off our shoes upon entering.
★进门时我们脱去皮鞋，以免弄脏柔软的白色地毯。

句型241：in case引出的目的状语从句

例句：We've installed an extinguisher next to the cooker in case there is ever a fire.

【★】：我们在炉灶旁边安装了一个灭火器，以防着火。

【句型点拨】：in case引导的从句表示“以免、以防”。它表示的假设情况通常是一种偶然可能遇到的、应当预防的情况，既有条件的含义，又有目的的含义。从句一般用虚拟语气；有时表示可能性大，也可用陈述语气。但当句子表示将来时间时，在in case后面必须用should, might或现在时。为加强语气，可在in case前加just，有时可只用just in case，省略其后的成分。

You should insure your house in case there's a fire.
★你应当给房子保险，以防发生火灾。

Here's a shilling in case you should use it.
★这个先令，说不定你用得着。

I don't let him climb trees in case he tears his trousers.
★害怕他把裤子扯破，我没让他爬树。

I'll make a cake in case someone drops in at the weekend.
★我做了一个蛋糕，以备周末有人来访。

I carry a spare wheel in case I have a puncture.
★我带有备胎，以防车胎被扎破。

I always keep candles in the house in case there is a power cut.
★我家里经常备有蜡烛以防停电。

Batteries must be kept in dry places in case electricity should leak away.
★电池必须存放在干燥的地方，以防漏电。

She took John's address with her, in case she should have time to see him when she was in London.
★她随身带上约翰的地址，这样，她在伦敦有空时就可以去看他。

Please remind me about it in case I forget.
★万一我忘记了，请提醒我。

We can always sit in the bar in case they are late.
★如果他们来晚了，我们总是在那个酒吧里坐一坐。

He took the gun in case he met any wild animals.
★他带上枪以防遇到野兽。

He left early in case he should miss the last train.
★他早点出发以免误了最后一班火车。

The manager explained again and again in case the customer should misunderstand him.
★经理反复解释，以免客户误解他。

I'll stay in the hotel in case there is news of Harry.
★我将待在旅馆里以防有哈里的消息。

Be helpful to young people on their way up, in case you should need them on your way down.
★在年轻人走上坡路的时候要帮助他们，以便在你走下坡路的时候需要他们的帮助。

Better chain up the dog in case it bites.
★最好把狗用链子锁住，以防它咬人。

Don't let the child play with your book in case he tears it.
★别让孩子动你的书，免得他把书撕坏。

The meeting will be put off, in case it should rain.
★惟恐天下雨，会议将被延期。

句型242：lest引出的目的状语从句

例句：High in the mountain, I hesitated to speak lest I disturb our tranquility.

【★】：在高高的山上，我迟迟不说话，惟恐搅乱了我们的宁静。

【句型点拨】：lest引导目的状语从句时，从句谓语动词需要使用虚拟语气，即使用should＋动词原形或直接使用动词原形，后者在现代美国英语中更常见。

She cleans the window with great care lest she might break the glass.
★她小心地擦着玻璃，以免打破它。

You'd better set your alarm clock lest you should oversleep.
★以防睡过头，你最好把闹钟上好。

He ran away lest he might be caught.
★他怕被抓住而逃跑了。

We constantly worried lest thieves drive off the horses.
★我们一直在担心小偷偷走我们的马。

I will not make a noise lest I wake the child.
★我不作声，以免惊醒孩子。

She pulled away from the window lest anyone should see them.
★她从窗户旁走开，生怕有人看见他们。

He was scared lest he should fail his exam.
★他惶恐不安，生怕考试不及格。

She paused lest she might say too much.
★她停了下来，生怕说得太多了。

People evacuated the building lest the wall should collapse.
★人人都撤离了大楼，惟恐墙倒了。

We tried to produce a substitute lest supplies should be stopped.
★我们设法生产代用品，以防供应中断。

He makes a note of the assignments lest he forget it.
★他把要完成的任务记了下来，以免忘记。

I wrote down the date of his birthday lest I should forget it.
★我把他生日写下来以防忘掉。

He hid the money lest it should be stolen.
★他把钱藏起来，以免被窃。

句型243：for fear that引出的目的状语常见

例句：I bough the car at once for fear that he might change his mind.

【★】：我马上买下那辆汽车，以免他变卦。

【句型点拨】：for fear that表示反面的目的，表示“担心害怕”，“想避免”，同时具有说明原因的作用，常译作“以免，唯恐”。由于从句里的动作或状态是推测的和假设的，从句的谓语多用虚拟语气，即使用should＋原形动词或直接使用动词原形。有时，从句还可用情态动词may，might或would。

I checked all the results time and again for fear that there should be any mistakes.
★害怕出现错误，我反复检查全部结果。

I did not have the courage to get married for fear that I should lose my job.
★害怕失去工作，我都没有勇气结婚。

I hid the cartoon book for fear that my father should see it.
★我把卡通书藏起来免得我父亲看见它。

He's working hard for fear that he should fail.
★他非常努力，惟恐失败。

They hid themselves behind some bushes for fear that the enemy should find them.
★他们躲在树丛后面，以防被敌人发现。

We didn't move for fear that we should wake him up.
★我们没有动，以免吵醒他。

We had a meeting and talked the matter over face to face, for fear that there should be any misunderstanding.
★为了避免误会，我们开个会，面对面探讨一下这个问题。

He is keeping quiet for fear that he might disturb his father.
★他尽量保持安静，生怕打扰父亲。

She feels worried for fear that her son would be hurt.
★她很担心儿子会受到伤害。

She locked her jewelry in the safe for fear that it would be stolen.
★她把珠宝锁到保险柜里以免被偷。

The captain didn't let him go alone for fear that some misfortune might overtake him.
★船长不让他单独外出，为的是怕他遭遇不幸。

The rescuers dug slowly and carefully for fear that the wreckage might collapse on top of them.
★救援人员小心缓慢地挖着以免头顶上的废墟会塌下来。

The workers never complain though they are badly treated for fear that they might lose their jobs.
★尽管他们待遇很差，因为害怕失去工作，工人们从不抱怨。

We all seemed afraid to say what was in our mind for fear that it might start trouble.
★我们都害怕说出自己的想法以免祸从口出。

We put the dangerous box out of the children's reach for fear that they might touch it.
★为了以防孩子拿到，我们把这个危险的箱子放到孩子够不着的地方。

句型244：to the end that等引出的目的状语从句

例句：Nature has given us two ears, two eyes, and but one tongue, to the end that we should hear and see more than we speak.

【★】：造物主给我们两个耳朵、两只眼睛，只有一个舌头，为的是要我们多听、多看、少说。

【句型点拨】：to the end that, in the hope that, for the purpose that, on purpose that等引导的目的状语从句置于主句之后，从句谓语动词常用情态动词may, might, could, would或should。

The steamboat was fully furnished with life preservers, to the end that the passengers might be saved in case of accident.
★汽船装备了足够的救生圈，以便乘客在发生事故时能够得救。

Steel bridges have to be built in sections to the end that the members may be allowed to expand freely.
★为使构件自由伸展，钢桥必须分段来铺设。

To the end that justice may be served, the defendant will be offered every opportunity to establish his innocence.
★为了做到公正，将给被告提供一切机会证明他无罪。

I am sending you this book in the hope that it may be of use to you.
★我送你这本书希望它会对你有用。

They are working night and day in the hope that they may finish the building at the scheduled time.
★他们正夜以继日地工作，希望能按规定时间把房子建好。

We should do our utmost in the hope that we could finish the task on time.
★我们应该尽全力，这样才能按时完成任务。

She went to a night school for the purpose that she could learn accounting.
★为了学财会，她去上夜校。

I turned off the TV for the purpose that my roommate could study in peace and quiet.
★为了让我的室友安静地学习，我关掉了电视。

This knife has a cork handle for the purpose that it will float if it falls over board.
★这把刀的柄是用软木做的，万一从船上掉下去，它可以浮在水面上。

We carved their names on the stone on purpose that future generations should know what they had done.
★我们把他们的名字刻到石头上，这样，下一代人就可以知道他们的事迹。

He wrote his diary in code on purpose that his wife wouldn't be able to read it.
★以防他的妻子看见，他用密码写日记。

He changed his name on purpose that his new friends wouldn't know that he had once been accused of murder.
★他改了名字，这样，他的新朋友就不会知道他曾经被指控过谋杀。

He worked hard on purpose that he might have a bright future.
★他努力干，为的是有一个光明的前途。