第6章 比较句型
句型68：as... as...同等比较句式
例句：Frosts often occur as late as May.
【★】：往往到五月份还有霜。
【句型点拨】：比较句型“as... as”意为“和……一样……”，是等量比较。两个as之间通常为描述三维、时间、重量、数量、性质、程度等的形容词或副词。当后面的as跟表示重量、数量、时间、距离的名词或数量词时，表示“重／长／宽／高／多达……，或早／晚至……”的意思。该比较句型“as... as”的两个as之间还可以是表示方式或程度的副词，表示“一样地……”。该句型的否定句型形式是“not as/so... as”，表示“不及／不如……”。
There is as much milk as (there is) water in the bottle.
★瓶子里牛奶和水一样多。
He knows as little about music as I know about painting.
★他对音乐的了解和我对绘画的了解一样的少。
Your pen writes as smoothly as mine (does).
★你的钢笔书写起来和我的一样流畅。
The river is as deep as 10 meters.
★这条河深达10米。
She walked in silence as far as the seashore.
★她默默地一直走到海边。
The poem was written as early as the fifth century.
★这首诗歌早在公元5世纪之时就创作出来了。
She has searched the information about dinosaurs on the internet as long as three hours.
★她在因特网上搜索有关恐龙的信息已经长达3个小时。
It took us as long as three years to carry out the plan.
★我们花了长达3年时间才完成这项计划。
Some of the stones weigh as much as fifteen tons.
★有些石头重达15吨。
She has as many as seven sisters.
★她的姊妹有7人之多。
He doesn't study as/so hard as his brother.
★他学习不如他弟弟努力。
句型69：times as... as...表示的倍数比较
例句：This ground is three times as large as that one.
【★】：这个操场是那个操场的3倍大。
【句型点拨】：等量比较句型“as... as”前加倍数构成了“...times as... as...”这一倍数比较句型。意为“是……的多少倍”。如果把倍数换成half或分数，则相应表示“是……的一半或几分之几”。该句型的否定句型形式是“not... times/half／分数as... as”，表示“不及／不如……的几倍，一半或几分之几”。
This bridge is three times as long as that one.
★这座桥的长度是那座的3倍。
You are not half as clever as you think you are.
★你可不像自己想象的那么聪明。
This substance reacts twice as fast as that one.
★这种物质的反应速度是那种物质的两倍。
This dress is twice as expensive as that.
★这件连衣裙比那件贵一倍。
The box is four times as light as that one.
★这个盒子的重量是那个盒子的4倍。
She isn't going out with a man who is twice as old as she.
★她不打算和一个比她大一倍的人交往拍拖。
His handwriting is not half as good as yours.
★他的书法不如你的一半好。（他的书法远不及你的好。）
He doesn't play half as well as his sister.
★他演奏的水平不及他姐姐的一半好。
句型70：as＋名词词组＋as表示的同等比较
例句：There are not so many books in our library as in yours.
【★】：我们图书馆的书没有你们图书馆的书多。
【句型点拨】：该比较句型的结构是“(not) as＋many/much＋名词＋as”即“(not) as... as”之间除了一个形用词，还有名词短语，意为“……和……同样……”。
I haven't got as much money as I thought.
★我不像原来想象的有那么多钱。
You've made as many mistakes as I have.
★你犯的错误和我犯的一样多。
I can carry as much paper as you can.
★我能拿和你所拿的一样多的纸。
She spread as much butter on her bread as Jane usually does.
★她在面包上涂的黄油与简通常涂的一样多。
He has learned as many English words as his brother (has).
★他已学了和他哥哥所学一样多的英文单词。
To eat too much is as much a bad thing as to eat nothing.
★吃太多和什么都不吃同样是坏事。
句型71：as... as...对两个不同属性的比较
例句：She is as kind as her brother is honest.
【★】：她弟弟很诚实，而她则很友善。
【句型点拨】：比较句型“as... as...”用于两个人或物不同性质的比较，表示不同性质所处的程度相等或相当，后一个as后面往往接句子，意为“甲……，而乙……”。这一句型同样也可用于同一个人或物不同性质的比较，由于是同一个人或物，后一个as后面往往省略相同的内容，意为“既……又……”。该句型的否定形式为“not so... as...”。
He was as handsome as his wife was beautiful.
★他很帅，而他妻子也很漂亮。
He was as experienced as his brother was green.
★他经验丰富，而他兄弟却没有什么经验。
The news is as unexpected as (it is) welcome.
★这则新闻既让人感到意外又受人欢迎。
He is as brave as (he is) wise.
★他既勇敢又聪明。
The problems are as numerous as (they are) trivial.
★这些问题真是又多又繁琐。
The courtyard is as wide as (it is) long.
★这个庭院长度和宽度相当。
The prisons are as over-crowded as the farmlands are empty.
★监牢里人满为患，而土地则无人耕种。
The lady is not so witty as she is pretty.
★那女士相貌美丽，但是不太风趣。
句型72：as... as... can be句式
例句：After a thorough clean-up, the room is as clean as clean can be.
【★】：大扫除之后，房间再干净不过了。
【句型点拨】：比较句型“as... as”后与其他一些词或结构连用，有强调意味。常见的这类结构有“as... as... can be”，as前后的形容词相同，后一个形容词可以省略，表示“无以复加，再……不过了”；另外，“as... as any”相当于“as... as ever lived”表示“不弱于……杰出的”；“as... as possible”相当于“as... as one can/could”，表示“尽可能……”；“as... as ever/before”表示“和以前一样的……”。
His failure is as plain as plain can be.
★他的失败是再明白不过了。
She is as kind as (kind) can be.
★她极为和颜悦色。
He is as wrong as wrong can be.
★他大错特错了。
He is as happy as can be.
★他极为高兴。
He may not be so clever as Peter, but he is as industrious as can be.
★他也许不及彼得聪明，但是再用功不过了。
He is as great a mathematician as any/as ever lived.
★他是一位非常杰出的数学家。
They watered the trees as often as possible.
★他们尽可能经常给树浇水。
Read the story as quickly as you can.
★尽可能快地阅读这个故事。
To speak English fluently, you had better read as many English articles as you can.
★要想把英文讲得很流利，你最好尽量多看英文文章。
She was as beautiful as ever after so many years.
★过了这么多年，她美丽如故。
Her trust in you is as firm as before/as ever.
★她对你的信任跟以往一样坚定。
句型73：as... so...句式
例句：In the world, as some are very rich, so others are very poor.
【★】：在这个世界，正如有些人很富有一样，而另外一些人则很穷。
【句型点拨】：该句型“(just) as..., so...”表示的是比拟关系。as引导的是含有比拟意义的方式状语从句，as从句可以放在主句前，也可以放在主句后；so引导的是主句，当主句在句首，so往往省略，有时候主句居后so也可以省略，但so省略后，主句部分不再倒装。当so担任主句表语时，不可省略。
Just as the name is, so is he.
★人如其名。
As fire tries gold, so does adversity try courage.
★正如火能试金，患难能检验人的勇气。
Just as rust eats iron, (so) care eats heart.
★忧能伤人，犹如锈之蚀铁。
Just as coffee is to Westerners, so is the tea to the Chinese.
★茶对于中国人来说正如咖啡对于西方人那样（受人喜欢）。
As men live, so they die.
★人有生则有死。
As the human body is nourished by the food, so is a nation nourished by its industries.
★正像身体要靠食物营养一样，国家也要靠工业支撑
As the lion is king of beasts, so is the eagle king of birds.
★鹰为鸟中之王，正如狮为百兽之王一样。
As you sow, so will you reap.
★种瓜得瓜，种豆得豆。
As bees love sweetness, so do flies love rottenness.
★正像蜜蜂喜欢蜜糖一样，苍蝇爱腐臭。
句型74：not so much... as...表示的选择比较
例句：He is not so much a writer as a scholar.
【★】：与其说他是作家倒不如说他是学者。
【句型点拨】：该句型的结构是“not so much... as...”，也作“not... so much as...”，意为“与其说……还不如说……”或“更多的是……而不是……”。这一比较句型也是一个平行结构，即as前后的成分要求结构一致，一般as前后可以均是名词、介词短语、不定式或谓语动词；甚至还可以是that从句，在与that从句连用时，意为“倒不是……而是……”。
It wasn't so much his appearance I like as his personality.
★与其说我喜欢他的相貌倒不如说我喜欢他的个性品质。
He is not a politician so much as a common political rogue.
★与其说他是个政客不如说他是个政治流氓。
Man is limited not so much by his tools as by his vision.
★与其说人类受到工具的限制不如说是受到了眼界的限制。
Our success was attributed not so much to your help as to our cooperation.
★我们的成功与其说是归功于您的帮忙，不如说是归功于我们的合作。
The great use of a school education is not so much to teach you things as to teach you the art of learning.
★学校教育的最大用处，与其说是教你事物，不如说是教你学习的方法。
I lay down not so much to sleep as to think.
★我躺下来与其说是为了睡觉不如说是为了思考。
The oceans do not so much divide the world as unite it. (=The oceans do not divide the world so much as unite it.)
**★与其说是海洋分割这个世界，不如说是统一这个世界。
I don't so much dislike her as hate her.
★与其说我不喜欢他，倒不如说我憎恨她。
It wasn't so much that he dislikes the book as that he just doesn't understand it.
★倒不是他不喜欢这本书，而是他看不懂。
He is not so much a genius as a hard worker.
★他的努力胜过天份。
Happiness hinges not so much on wealth as on health.
★与其说快乐在于财富倒不如说在于健康。
Success lies not so much in luck as in hard work.
★与其说成功在于运气不如说在于勤劳。
A man's worth lies not so much in what he has as in what he is.
★一个人的价值与其说在于他拥有的东西，不如说在于他本身是怎样的人。
句型75：不同等比较句式的修饰语
例句：Having half-baked knowledge is even worse than knowing nothing at all.
【★】：一知半解比不知不解更糟糕。
【句型点拨】：该句型的基该结构是“比较级的修饰语＋形容词或副词比较级＋than”，意为“比……更加……”。形用词或副词比较级的修饰语有even, much, far, rather, hardly, no, a lot, still, yet, ever, a little, lightly, all the, three times（倍数），6％（百分数）等。
He made much fewer mistakes in this test than you (did).
★这次考试中，她比你犯的错少多了。
The book is a little more difficult than that one.
★这本书比那本书稍难一些。
Your bicycle is far better than mine.
★你的自行车比我的好多了。
Air in the country is far much cleaner than in the city.
★乡村的空气比城市里的要清洁得多。
This one is lightly better than that one, but not much.
★这个比那个略微好一点，但好不了多少。
The experiment was no easier than we had expected.
★这项实验正如我们预计的那样难。
Do you feel any better than yesterday？
★ 比昨天感觉好点没有？
They worked even harder than they promised.
★他们工作得比他们答应的还要卖力。
You know even less about it than I do.
★对这件事，你知道的甚至比我所了解的还要少。
She came even earlier than I asked (her to).
★她来得很早，甚至比我所要求的时间还要早。
Tom is no wiser than John.
★汤姆和约翰一样没有聪明才智。
He is no richer than his brother.
★他与他弟弟一样不富有。
This lesson is a bit easier than the last lesson.
★这堂课比上堂课稍微容易些。
A long delayed home letter is all the better than anything else.
★一封迟迟不到的家书要胜过其他所有东西。
We produced 6% more grain this year than we did last year.
★今年我们的谷物产量比去年增长了6％。
She drives still more carefully than her husband.
★她开车仍然比她丈夫认真。
句型76：other/else用于不同等比较结构
例句：John is more diligent than anyone else in his class.
【★】：约翰比班上其他的同学用功。
【句型点拨】：该比较句型的基本结构是“形容词／副词比较级＋than anyone (else)/any other”，意为“比其他任何……都还……”。如果被比较双方同属一范围，则用else，有时用other一词，表示与自身以外的其他人或事物相比较。如果被比较双方不属于同一范围，则无需用else。
He is taller than anyone else in our class.
★他在我们班比其他任何同学都高。
Iron is more useful than any other metal.
★铁比其他任何金属更有作用。
He is better than any other student in his class.
★他比班上其他同学都优秀。
The Yangtze River is longer than any other river in China.
★长江比中国的其他任一河流都长。
The population of China is larger than any other's in the world.
★中国的人口比世界上任何一个国家的人口都多。
Time is more precious than anything else in the world.
★时间比世上任何东西都宝贵。
We pay less attention to time than to anything else.
★我们对其他任何事物的重视超过了时间。
John is more diligent than anyone else in his class.
★约翰比班上其他的同学用功。
句型77：more... than...表示的选择比较
例句：The man was regarded as more a nuisance than a threat.
【★】：那人没有被看成一种威胁，只是令人讨厌罢了。
【句型点拨】：该比较句型的结构是“more... than...”，than前后不但可接形容词、副词，还可以是其他结构如名词短语、动名词、介词短语等。意为“与其说……，还不如说……”，属不同程度的比较。该句型的重点是more后面与than后面的成分平行一致。类似结构的句型还有“less... than...”表示后者程度大于前者的程度，刚好与“more... than...”的情况相反；“better to do... than (to) do...”表示“做什么总比做什么好。”**
It is more a poem than a picture.
★与其说那是一幅画，不如说那是一首诗。
Accounting is agreed to be more an art than a science.
★会计与其说是一门科学，倒不如说是一门艺术。
He is more lucky than clever.
★与其说他聪明不如说他幸运。
He was less hurt than frightened.
★与其说他是受了伤不如说他是受了惊吓。
He was more amused than angry.
★他没有生气，反倒是感到好笑。
The typing is more neat than accurate.
★字打得很整洁，但不够准确。
She was more the product of her family traditions than of her environment.
★与其说她受了环境的影响，倒不如说是受了家庭的影响。
It is more a made-up story than a real occurrence.
★那是杜撰的故事，而不是真实发生的事情。
句型78：the more..., the more...句式
例句：The more learned a man is, the more modest he usually is.
【★】：一个人越有学问，往往就越谦虚。
【句型点拨】：该比较句型的基本结构是“the＋比较级……，the＋比较级……”，意为“……越……，……越……”。句型结构平行，前后用逗号隔开，一般前者是从句，后者是主句。主从句常有成分省略，如例句可省略为The more learned, the more modest。
The harder you work at your study, the better academic records you will have.
★你学习越努力，你的成绩就越好。
The more we have, the more we want.
★人欲无穷。
The busier he is, the happier he feels.
★他越忙碌，越感到高兴。
The happier you are about yourself and your life, the healthier you will be.
★对自己、对生活越满意，就越健康。
The less effort you put into the work, the less you will achieve.
★在工作中，你所付出的努力越少，收获的也就越少。
The more I thought about it, the more I panicked.
★这件事我是越想越恐慌。
The more he thought about it, the angrier he grew.
★他越想这件事越生气。
The quicker you get ready, the sooner we'll be able to leave.
★你越快做好准备，我们就越早能够出发。
The more money you make, the more you spend.
★钱你赚得越多，花得越多。
The more careful you are, the fewer mistakes you'll make.
★你越认真，犯的错误越少。
The more you soften a request, the more polite it becomes.
★你愈使请求柔婉，请求就愈变为客气。
The longer you stay here, the more you will like the place.
★你在这里待得愈久，你愈会喜欢这个地方。
句型79：A is to B what C is to D句式
例句：Leaves are to the plant what lungs are to the animals.
【★】：叶之于植物犹如肺之于动物。
【句型点拨】：该比较句型的结构为A is to B what C is to D，意为“……对于……而言，正如……对于……”或者“……之于……犹如……之于……”。该句型变体有As C is to D, so is A to B; A is to B as C is to D; What C is to D, (that) A is to B。
Food is to men what oil is to machines.
★食物之于人，犹如油之于机器。
Honey is to a bee what milk is to a cow.
★蜂蜜之于蜜蜂，犹如牛奶之于奶牛。
Smell is to the nose what taste is to the tongue.
★嗅觉之于鼻子犹如味觉之于舌头。
A nest is to a bird what a house is to a man.
★鸟巢之于鸟正如房子之于人。
Reading is to the mind what food is to the body.
★读书之于精神犹如粮食之于身体。
What the blueprint is to the builder, the outline is to the writer.
★提纲之于作家，就像蓝图之于建筑师一样。
句型80：the＋比较级＋of the two句式
例句：It is the narrower of the two streets.
【★】：这是两条街道中比较窄的那一条。
【句型点拨】：该比较句型的基本结构是“the＋形容词比较级＋of＋范围”，用于通过两个人或物之间的比较来确定一方，意为“……是两个……中比较……的一个。”有时可将表示比较范围的“of the two...”置于句首。
He is the cleverer of the two boys.
★他是这两个男孩中比较聪明的那一个。
Look at the two boys. My brother is the taller of the two.
★看那两个男孩，我弟弟是两个当中较高的那个。
I'd like to go to the farther of the two places.
★两个地方相比较，我愿意去更远的一个。
The picture is the prettier of the two.
★两张图画之中，这一张更漂亮。
This is the wider of the two rooms.
★这是两个房间中较大的一间。
You may take the longer of the two pencils.
★你可以拿走两支铅笔中较长的那支。
Of the two girls, Mary is more beautiful.
★这两个女孩中，玛丽较漂亮。
句型81：介词in或of引出的最高级比较范围
例句：She is the youngest daughter in the family.
【★】：她是家里最小的女儿。
【句型点拨】：该比较句型的基本结构是“the＋最高级＋in＋范围”，用于3个以上的人或物之间的比较，意为“……是……中最……的”。引出范围的介词除了in，常用的还有of。
This novel is the most interesting of the three.
★在这3部小说中，这一部最有趣。
He is the oldest, but most energetic of my colleagues.
★在我的同事中，他是最年长的，却是最有活力的。
He is the youngest and most famous athlete in the world.
★他是世界上最年轻、最著名的运动员。
This apple is the biggest of the five.
★这个苹果是5个当中最大的。
Jane is the best of all the students in her class.
★简是班中最好的学生。
Of all the four seasons, summer is the hottest.
★在所有四季当中，夏天最热。
句型82：自身具有比较含义的拉丁语形容词
例句：We are inferior to others in many aspects.
【★】：我们在许多方面不如人家。
【句型点拨】：几个以-ior结尾的拉丁语形容词(inferior, superior, senior, junior, prior, posterior, anterior)，它们自身具有比较含义，前面不能添加more，引出比较对象时，不用than，而用介词to。
He thinks he is superior to his classmates because his father is a very important people.
★他觉得班里同学都不如他，因为他爸爸是一位重要人物。
Beethoven is my favorite musician, and I regard him as superior to other musicians.
★贝多芬是我最喜欢的音乐家，我认为他比其他所有音乐家都要优秀。
The Red Army was inferior in equipment but superior in morale to the enemy.
★红军装备上虽比不过敌军，但士气上胜过敌军。
The official's rank is senior to his father's.
★这位官员的头衔比他父亲的头衔还要高。
Miss Smith is two years junior to Miss White.
★史密斯小姐比怀特小姐小两岁。
This task is prior to all others.
★这项任务最先进行。
My arrival in Beijing is posterior to that of our manager.
★我比我们经理先到了北京。